Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Womens Health. 2021 Aug 28;21(1):318. doi: 10.1186/s12905-021-01454-7.
The aim of this study is to compare anxiety, depression, body image, self-esteem, sexual function, and quality of life (QoL) between infertile women and control fertile women undergoing tubal ligation (TL) and using condom.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 women in three groups of infertile and control fertile women with or without TL (200 women in each group), who met the inclusion criteria. They were selected from Royan Institute and a number of health care centers in Tehran (Iran) from May 2017 to February 2019. The subjects were asked to fill out the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), and Rosenberg' Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). One-way ANOVA was used to identify the possible statistical differences between the three groups of participants.
The mean scores of all FSFI domains were lower in the control TL women, and the differences between the three groups in all dimensions were statistically significant. In addition, the TL group had more female sexual dysfunction (FSD) comparing to the infertile and condom group (22.43 ± 5.30, 24.79 ± 4.74, and 28.03 ± 3.29, respectively P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the three groups in SF-12 scores (76.59 ± 13.14, 68.49 ± 14.47, and 78.87 ± 12.62, respectively P < 0.001). Also there was a significant difference between the three groups in anxiety, depression, and total scores of HADS (P < 0.001). Furthermore, infertile women had lower body image (P < 0.05) and the TL group had lower self-esteem comparing to the two other groups (P < 0.05).
The findings revealed the adverse effects of using TL on the anxiety, depression, sexual life, body image, and QoL of women. It is recommended that health-care professionals should increase their awareness and knowledge regarding the side-effects of using TL on women's lives and share this information with the patients.
本研究旨在比较行输卵管结扎术（TL）和使用避孕套的不孕女性与对照生育女性的焦虑、抑郁、体像、自尊、性功能和生活质量（QoL）。
这是一项横断面研究，纳入了 200 名不孕组和对照生育组中接受 TL 或未接受 TL 的女性（每组 200 名），共 600 名女性。研究对象来自 2017 年 5 月至 2019 年 2 月的罗扬研究所和德黑兰的一些医疗保健中心。研究对象被要求填写简短健康调查（SF-12）、女性性功能指数（FSFI）、医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）、体像关注量表（BICI）和罗森伯格自尊量表（RSES）。采用单因素方差分析（One-way ANOVA）来确定三组参与者之间可能存在的统计学差异。
在对照组 TL 女性中，所有 FSFI 领域的平均得分均较低，三组之间在所有维度上的差异均具有统计学意义。此外，TL 组的女性性功能障碍（FSD）发生率高于不孕组和避孕套组（分别为 22.43 ± 5.30、24.79 ± 4.74 和 28.03 ± 3.29，P < 0.001）。三组在 SF-12 评分方面存在显著差异（分别为 76.59 ± 13.14、68.49 ± 14.47 和 78.87 ± 12.62，P < 0.001）。此外，三组在 HADS 的焦虑、抑郁和总分方面也存在显著差异（P < 0.001）。此外，不孕女性的体像较低（P < 0.05），TL 组的自尊低于其他两组（P < 0.05）。
研究结果表明，TL 的使用对女性的焦虑、抑郁、性生活、体像和生活质量有不良影响。建议卫生保健专业人员提高对 TL 对女性生活产生的副作用的认识和了解，并与患者分享这些信息。
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