Berger Chloé Suzanne, Laroche Jérôme, Maaroufi Halim, Martin Hélène, Moon Kyung-Mee, Landry Christian R, Foster Leonard J, Aubin-Horth Nadia
Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
Institut de Biologie Intégrative Et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
Parasit Vectors. 2021 Aug 28;14(1):436. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04933-w.
Manipulative parasites are thought to liberate molecules in their external environment, acting as manipulation factors with biological functions implicated in their host's physiological and behavioural alterations. These manipulation factors are part of a complex mixture called the secretome. While the secretomes of various parasites have been described, there is very little data for a putative manipulative parasite. It is necessary to study the molecular interaction between a manipulative parasite and its host to better understand how such alterations evolve.
Here, we used proteomics to characterize the secretome of a model cestode with a complex life cycle based on trophic transmission. We studied Schistocephalus solidus during the life stage in which behavioural changes take place in its obligatory intermediate fish host, the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We produced a novel genome sequence and assembly of S. solidus to improve protein coding gene prediction and annotation for this parasite. We then described the whole worm's proteome and its secretome during fish host infection using LC-MS/MS.
A total of 2290 proteins were detected in the proteome of S. solidus, and 30 additional proteins were detected specifically in the secretome. We found that the secretome contains proteases, proteins with neural and immune functions, as well as proteins involved in cell communication. We detected receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatases, which were reported in other parasitic systems to be manipulation factors. We also detected 12 S. solidus-specific proteins in the secretome that may play important roles in host-parasite interactions.
Our results suggest that S. solidus liberates molecules with putative host manipulation functions in the host and that many of them are species-specific.
操纵性寄生虫被认为会在其外部环境中释放分子，这些分子作为操纵因子，具有与宿主生理和行为改变相关的生物学功能。这些操纵因子是一种称为分泌蛋白组的复杂混合物的一部分。虽然已经描述了各种寄生虫的分泌蛋白组，但关于一种假定的操纵性寄生虫的数据却非常少。有必要研究操纵性寄生虫与其宿主之间的分子相互作用，以更好地理解这些改变是如何演变的。
在此，我们使用蛋白质组学来表征一种具有复杂生命周期且基于营养传播的典型绦虫的分泌蛋白组。我们研究了三带双身虫在其必需的中间鱼类宿主三刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）中发生行为变化的生命阶段。我们生成了三带双身虫的新基因组序列并进行了组装，以改进该寄生虫的蛋白质编码基因预测和注释。然后，我们使用液相色谱 - 串联质谱法描述了鱼类宿主感染期间整个虫体的蛋白质组及其分泌蛋白组。
在三带双身虫的蛋白质组中总共检测到2290种蛋白质，在分泌蛋白组中特异性检测到另外30种蛋白质。我们发现分泌蛋白组包含蛋白酶、具有神经和免疫功能的蛋白质以及参与细胞通讯的蛋白质。我们检测到受体型酪氨酸蛋白磷酸酶，在其他寄生系统中它被报道为操纵因子。我们还在分泌蛋白组中检测到12种三带双身虫特异性蛋白质，它们可能在宿主 - 寄生虫相互作用中发挥重要作用。
我们的结果表明，三带双身虫在宿主体内释放具有假定宿主操纵功能的分子，并且其中许多分子是物种特异性的。
