Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Hercegovina.
Center of Forensic Medicine, Toxicology and Molecular Genetics, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2022;35(1):213-219. doi: 10.3233/BMR-210106.
Whiplash injury is one of the most common injuries in traffic accidents. Most of the injured recover within three months, however, a significant number have symptoms much longer.
The aim of this study was to determine the basic epidemiological characteristics of whiplash (gender, age, collision type, the type of participants in an accident, clinical signs) on Bosnia and Herzegovina roads and identify risk factors for chronic symptoms.
The subjects of this retrospective study were traffic accident whiplash patients who were diagnosed, treated and monitored in a single hospital center. The initial examination was performed on the day or the day after the accident and follow-up examinations after four weeks, three months, and six months.
Out of the 241 patients in this study, 14.1% had symptoms over six months after the trauma. 54.7% of the injured belong to the third and fourth decade and close to 80% were younger than 50 years. In addition to neck pain, the most common symptoms were limited neck mobility (69.7%), muscle spasms (63.5%), palpable pain of neck muscles (56%), headache (43.6%), nausea (23.7%). Statistical analysis showed a positive impact of age, Quebec Task Force (QTF) grade II, and more injury severity and cervical spine degenerative changes on prolonged recovery.
The overwhelming majority of the injured belong to the working population. QTF2+ score is a useful indicator for prolonged recovery and chronic symptoms. Age, QTF score and degenerative changes of the cervical spine indicate an increased risk for poor recovery and chronic symptoms.
挥鞭伤是交通事故中最常见的损伤之一。大多数伤者在三个月内康复，但仍有相当一部分人症状持续时间更长。
本研究旨在确定波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那道路上挥鞭伤（性别、年龄、碰撞类型、事故参与者类型、临床体征）的基本流行病学特征，并确定慢性症状的危险因素。
本回顾性研究的对象是在单一医院中心诊断、治疗和监测的交通事故挥鞭伤患者。最初的检查是在事故发生后的当天或第二天进行，随后在四周、三个月和六个月进行随访检查。
在这项研究的 241 名患者中，14.1%的患者在创伤后超过六个月出现症状。54.7%的伤者属于第三和第四十年龄段，近 80%的伤者年龄小于 50 岁。除了颈部疼痛外，最常见的症状还包括颈部活动受限（69.7%）、肌肉痉挛（63.5%）、颈肌可触及疼痛（56%）、头痛（43.6%）、恶心（23.7%）。统计分析显示，年龄、魁北克任务组（QTF）评分 II 级以及损伤严重程度和颈椎退行性改变与恢复时间延长呈正相关。
绝大多数伤者属于劳动人口。QTF2+评分是延长恢复时间和慢性症状的有用指标。年龄、QTF 评分和颈椎退行性改变表明恢复不良和慢性症状的风险增加。
