Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Sep 14;118(37). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2018203118.
Globally, human-caused environmental impacts, such as habitat loss, have seriously impacted raptor species, with some 50% of species having decreasing populations. We analyzed global patterns of distribution of all 557 raptor species, focusing on richness, endemism, geographic range, conservation status, and population trends. Highest species diversity, endemism, species at risk, or restricted species were concentrated in different regions. Patterns of species distribution greatly differed between nocturnal and diurnal species. To test the efficiency of the global protected areas in conserving raptors, we simulated and compared global reserve systems created with strategies aiming at: 1) constraining the existing system into the final solution; and 2) minimizing the socioeconomic cost of reserve selection. We analyzed three targets of species distribution to be protected (10, 20, 30%). The first strategy was more efficient in meeting targets and less efficient in cost and compactness of reserves. Focusing on actions in the existing protected areas is fundamental to consolidate conservation, and politically and economically more viable than creating new reserves. However, creating new reserves is essential to protect more populations throughout the species' geographic range. Our findings provide a fundamental understanding of reserves to maintain raptor diversity and reduce the global population and species extinction crisis.
在全球范围内，人类造成的环境影响，如栖息地丧失，严重影响了猛禽物种，约有 50%的物种数量减少。我们分析了全球 557 种猛禽物种的分布模式，重点关注丰富度、特有性、地理范围、保护状况和种群趋势。物种多样性、特有性、受威胁物种或受限制物种最高的地区集中在不同的地区。夜间和白天活动物种的分布模式有很大的不同。为了测试全球保护区保护猛禽的效率，我们模拟并比较了旨在以下列两种策略创建的全球保护区系统：1）将现有系统约束到最终解决方案；2）最小化保护区选择的社会经济成本。我们分析了要保护的三个物种分布目标（10%、20%、30%）。第一种策略在满足目标方面更有效，在成本和储备紧凑性方面效率较低。关注现有保护区的行动对于巩固保护至关重要，在政治和经济上比创建新的保护区更可行。然而，创建新的保护区对于保护物种地理范围内更多的种群是必不可少的。我们的研究结果提供了对保护区的基本了解，以维持猛禽的多样性，并减少全球物种灭绝危机。
