Deguise Isabelle E, Kerr Jeremy T
Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Box 450, Station A, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
Conserv Biol. 2006 Feb;20(1):48-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00274.x.
Reserve networks figure prominently in conservation strategies that aim to reduce extinction rates. We tested the effectiveness of the current reserve network at protecting species at risk in Canada, where relatively extensive wilderness areas remain. We compared numbers of terrestrial species at risk included in existing reserves to randomly generated networks with the same total area and number of reserves. Existing reserve networks rarely performed better than randomly selected areas and several included fewer endangered species than expected by chance, particularly in the most biologically imperiled regions. The extent of protected area and density of species at risk were unrelated at either broad (countrywide) or finer spatial scales (50 x 50 km grids), although there was a tendency for the most threatened regions of the country to have few or no protected areas (1.5% of areas with >30 endangered species were in reserves). Although reserves will play a useful role in conserving endangered species that occur within them, reducing extinction rates in a region with much of the world's remaining wilderness will require integrating conservation strategies with agricultural and urban land-use plans outside formally protected areas.
保护区网络在旨在降低灭绝率的保护策略中占据显著地位。我们测试了加拿大当前保护区网络在保护濒危物种方面的有效性，该国仍保留着相对广袤的荒野地区。我们将现有保护区中包含的陆地濒危物种数量与具有相同总面积和保护区数量的随机生成网络进行了比较。现有的保护区网络很少比随机选择的区域表现更好，而且有几个保护区包含的濒危物种数量比随机预期的要少，特别是在生物多样性受威胁最严重的地区。在广泛的（全国范围）或更精细的空间尺度（50×50公里网格）上，保护区面积与濒危物种密度均无关联，尽管该国受威胁最严重的地区往往很少或根本没有保护区（超过30种濒危物种的地区中，只有1.5%处于保护区内）。尽管保护区在保护其中的濒危物种方面将发挥有益作用，但在世界上大部分剩余荒野所在的地区，要降低灭绝率，需要将保护策略与正式保护区之外的农业和城市土地利用规划相结合。
