Division of Prosthodontics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Dean, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
J Prosthodont. 2022 Apr;31(4):289-298. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13420. Epub 2021 Sep 23.
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and compare three commonly used proportions that include the golden proportion, golden percentage, and Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) proportion to identify which of the mathematical formulas, if any, can be used to provide predictable and repeatable esthetic clinical outcomes.
A comprehensive search of electronic databases that included EBSCO, ProQuest, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Wiley, Google Scholar and PubMed was conducted using the terms: "golden proportion," "golden percentage," and "Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) proportions" alone or in concurrence with one or both ensuing terms: "tooth proportions" and "esthetic tooth proportions." In addition, the following journals were hand searched for relevant articles: Journal of Prosthodontics, Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry and Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. Related citations were also considered.
Tooth proportions varied substantially in the natural dentition. No studies revealed findings that supported the use of one mathematical formula to predict esthetic success. The golden proportion is present between the central to lateral incisor in some cases, but rarely between the lateral incisor and the canine. When compared to the other proportions, the golden percentage provided better starting points for tooth shape and size, but only when values were adjusted to consider other factors such as ethnicity and/or facial proportions.
Mathematical formulas did not provide consistent results that would allow for their use as a standardized guide for esthetically pleasing smiles. Although the golden percentage may be a good starting point if the percentages are adjusted on a case-by-case basis, generalized esthetic ideals cannot be determined by a mathematical formula and are open to interpretation by both the clinician and the patient.
本系统评价旨在评估和比较三种常用比例，包括黄金比例、黄金百分比和 Recurring Esthetic Dental（RED）比例，以确定哪种数学公式（如果有）可以用于提供可预测和可重复的美学临床效果。
通过使用术语“黄金比例”、“黄金百分比”和“Recurring Esthetic Dental（RED）比例”，对包括 EBSCO、ProQuest、SCOPUS、Science Direct、Wiley、Google Scholar 和 PubMed 在内的电子数据库进行了全面检索，并单独或同时使用以下术语进行了检索：“牙齿比例”和“美学牙齿比例”。此外，还对手册搜索了《口腔修复学杂志》、《口腔修复学杂志》和《美学和修复牙科杂志》等相关期刊，以寻找相关文章。还考虑了相关引文。
天然牙列中的牙齿比例差异很大。没有研究发现支持使用一种数学公式来预测美学成功的发现。在某些情况下，中央到侧切牙之间存在黄金比例，但很少存在侧切牙和犬齿之间。与其他比例相比，黄金百分比为牙齿形状和大小提供了更好的起点，但只有在调整值以考虑种族和/或面部比例等其他因素时才有效。
数学公式没有提供一致的结果，无法将其用作美学愉悦微笑的标准化指南。尽管黄金百分比如果根据具体情况调整百分比可能是一个很好的起点，但一般的美学理想不能通过数学公式来确定，并且可以由临床医生和患者进行解释。
