Bagheri Zahra, Mollabashi Vahid, Maleki Mohammad Mahdi, Alafchi Behnaz
Department of Prosthetic, Dental Implants Research Centre, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Dental Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Clin Exp Dent Res. 2025 Aug;11(4):e70164. doi: 10.1002/cre2.70164.
Facial features play a key role in determining human attractiveness. Facial beauty is characterized by harmonious proportions and symmetry, essential for successful aesthetic treatments in oral rehabilitation. This study examines relationships between oral and facial midlines and key anatomical landmarks, as well as evaluates the smile framework and dental/facial proportions.
A total of 637 males and females with an average age of 22.13 years (ranging from 18 to 40) were examined. Each individual had three digital images taken: a full-face photo at rest, a forced smile photo, and an intraoral photo. For each patient, three levels of aesthetic analysis, from macro to micro aesthetics, were conducted. Initially, transverse and vertical facial proportions and their relationships with the golden ratio were assessed. Next, the relationships between predetermined important facial landmarks and the oral and facial midlines were evaluated, and finally, the patient's smile framework was analyzed. Data analysis was performed via IBM SPSS Statistics (v24.0) and appropriate statistical tests.
The studied population had a consonant smile arc, upward upper lip curvature, medium smile line with exposure up to the first molar, and square-shaped teeth. Order of landmarks relative to facial midline from left to right includes the following: nasion, nose tip, philtrum, mouth midline, and dental midline. Furthermore, five out of seven vertical facial proportions and all transverse facial proportions closely align with the divine ratio (1.618), with significant gender-specific differences.
Integration of these aesthetic standards are necessary to ensure satisfactory and predictable outcomes in treatments and can be used at macroesthetic, miniesthetic, and microesthetic levels by maxillofacial surgeons, prosthodontists, orthodontists, and restorative specialists. According to impact of race, sex, and age on these factors, conducting similar studies in different populations is recommended to achieve more precise and aesthetically pleasing treatments tailored to each community.
面部特征在决定人类吸引力方面起着关键作用。面部美以和谐的比例和对称性为特征，这对于口腔修复中的成功美学治疗至关重要。本研究探讨口腔和面部中线与关键解剖标志之间的关系，并评估微笑框架以及牙齿/面部比例。
共检查了637名男性和女性，平均年龄为22.13岁（年龄范围为18至40岁）。为每个人拍摄了三张数字图像：一张静止时的全脸照片、一张强制微笑照片和一张口腔内照片。对每位患者进行了从宏观美学到微观美学的三个层次的美学分析。首先，评估横向和纵向面部比例及其与黄金比例的关系。其次，评估预先确定的重要面部标志与口腔和面部中线之间的关系，最后，分析患者的微笑框架。通过IBM SPSS Statistics（v24.0）进行数据分析并进行适当的统计测试。
研究人群具有协调的微笑弧度、上唇向上弯曲、中等微笑线且暴露至第一磨牙，以及方形牙齿。相对于面部中线从左到右的标志顺序如下：鼻根、鼻尖、人中、口中线和牙中线。此外，七个纵向面部比例中的五个以及所有横向面部比例与神圣比例（1.618）密切对齐，存在显著的性别差异。
整合这些美学标准对于确保治疗中令人满意和可预测的结果是必要的，并且颌面外科医生、口腔修复医生、正畸医生和修复专科医生可在宏观美学、微观美学和微观美学层面使用。根据种族、性别和年龄对这些因素的影响，建议在不同人群中进行类似研究，以实现针对每个群体的更精确和美观的治疗。
