Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
Periodontol 2000. 2021 Oct;87(1):166-180. doi: 10.1111/prd.12378.
The oral cavity is colonized by a large number of microorganisms that are referred to collectively as the oral microbiota. These indigenous microorganisms have evolved in symbiotic relationships with the oral mucosal immune system and are involved in maintaining homeostasis in the oral cavity. Although Candida species are commonly found in the healthy oral cavity without causing infection, these fungi can become pathogenic. Recents advances indicate that the development of oral candidiasis is driven both by Candida albicans overgrowth in a dysbiotic microbiome and by disturbances in the host's immune system. Perturbation of the oral microbiota triggered by host-extrinsic (ie, medications), host-intrinsic (ie, host genetics), and microbiome-intrinsic (ie, microbial interactions) factors may increase the risk of oral candidiasis. In this review, we provide an overview of the oral mycobiome, with a particular focus on the interactions of Candida albicans with some of the most common oral bacteria and the oral mucosal immune system. Also, we present a summary of our current knowledge of the host-intrinsic and host-extrinsic factors that can predispose to oral candidiasis.
口腔被大量微生物定植，这些微生物统称为口腔微生物组。这些土著微生物与口腔黏膜免疫系统协同进化，并参与维持口腔内的稳态。虽然念珠菌属在健康的口腔中很常见，但不会引起感染，但这些真菌可能会变得具有致病性。最近的研究进展表明，口腔念珠菌病的发展既与微生物组失调导致的白色念珠菌过度生长有关，也与宿主免疫系统紊乱有关。宿主外在因素（如药物）、宿主内在因素（如宿主遗传因素）和微生物组内在因素（如微生物相互作用）引起的口腔微生物组紊乱可能会增加口腔念珠菌病的风险。在这篇综述中，我们提供了口腔真菌组的概述，特别关注白色念珠菌与一些最常见的口腔细菌和口腔黏膜免疫系统的相互作用。此外，我们还总结了目前对可能导致口腔念珠菌病的宿主内在和宿主外在因素的认识。
