Salvatori O, Puri S, Tati S, Edgerton M
Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
J Dent Res. 2016 Apr;95(4):365-71. doi: 10.1177/0022034515625222. Epub 2016 Jan 8.
The oral cavity is a unique niche where Candida albicans infections occur in immunocompetent as well as immunosuppressed individuals. Here we critically review the significance of human innate immune response in preventing oral candidiasis. One important line of defense against oropharyngeal candidiasis is the oral microbiota that prevents infection by competing for space and nutrients as well as by secreting antagonistic molecules and triggering local inflammatory responses. C. albicans is able to induce mucosal defenses through activation of immune cells and production of cytokines. Also, saliva contains various proteins that affect C. albicans growth positively by promoting mucosal adherence and negatively through immune exclusion and direct fungicidal activity. We further discuss the role of saliva in unifying host innate immune defenses against C. albicans as a communicating medium and how C. albicans overgrowth in the oral cavity may be a result of aberrations ranging from microbial dysbiosis and salivary dysfunction to epithelial damage. Last we underscore select oral diseases in which C. albicans is a contributory microorganism in immune-competent individuals.
口腔是一个独特的生态位，白色念珠菌感染在免疫功能正常和免疫抑制的个体中均会发生。在此，我们批判性地综述了人类固有免疫反应在预防口腔念珠菌病中的重要性。对抗口咽念珠菌病的一条重要防线是口腔微生物群，它通过竞争空间和营养物质、分泌拮抗分子以及触发局部炎症反应来预防感染。白色念珠菌能够通过激活免疫细胞和产生细胞因子来诱导黏膜防御。此外，唾液含有多种蛋白质，这些蛋白质通过促进黏膜黏附对白色念珠菌生长产生积极影响，同时通过免疫排斥和直接杀真菌活性产生消极影响。我们进一步讨论了唾液作为一种沟通介质在统一宿主针对白色念珠菌的固有免疫防御中的作用，以及口腔中白色念珠菌过度生长如何可能是从微生物群落失调、唾液功能障碍到上皮损伤等一系列异常情况的结果。最后，我们强调了在免疫功能正常个体中白色念珠菌作为致病微生物的某些口腔疾病。
