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老年人的心血管保健。

Cardiovascular care of older adults.

机构信息

University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and VA Pittsburgh Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA

出版信息

BMJ. 2021 Aug 31;374:n1593. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1593.

Abstract

Age is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. With the accelerated growth of the population of older adults, geriatric and cardiac care are becoming increasingly entwined. Although cardiovascular disease in younger adults often occurs as an isolated problem, it is more likely to occur in combination with clinical challenges related to age in older patients. Management of cardiovascular disease is transmuted by the context of multimorbidity, frailty, polypharmacy, cognitive dysfunction, functional decline, and other complexities of age. This means that additional insight and skills are needed to manage a broader range of relevant problems in older patients with cardiovascular disease. This review covers geriatric conditions that are relevant when treating older adults with cardiovascular disease, particularly management considerations. Traditional practice guidelines are generally well suited for robust older adults, but many others benefit from a relatively more personalized therapeutic approach that allows for a range of medical circumstances and idiosyncratic goals of care. This requires weighing of risks and benefits amidst the patient's aggregate clinical status and the ability to communicate effectively about this with patients and, where appropriate, their care givers in a process of shared decision making. Such a personalized approach can be particularly gratifying, as it provides opportunities to optimize an older patient's function and quality of life at a time in life when these often become foremost therapeutic priorities.

摘要

年龄是心血管疾病的一个独立危险因素。随着老年人口的快速增长,老年病学和心脏病学的护理越来越紧密地交织在一起。虽然年轻成年人的心血管疾病通常是一个孤立的问题,但在老年患者中,它更有可能与与年龄相关的临床挑战同时发生。心血管疾病的管理受到多种合并症、虚弱、多种药物治疗、认知功能障碍、功能下降和其他与年龄相关的复杂性的影响。这意味着需要额外的洞察力和技能来管理患有心血管疾病的老年患者更广泛的相关问题。这篇综述涵盖了在治疗患有心血管疾病的老年患者时相关的老年病学状况,特别是管理方面的考虑因素。传统的实践指南通常适用于身体强壮的老年人,但许多其他患者则受益于相对更个性化的治疗方法,这种方法允许考虑到一系列医疗情况和患者特殊的护理目标。这需要在患者的综合临床状况中权衡风险和收益,并能够与患者及其护理人员进行有效的沟通,在共同决策的过程中适当地考虑这些因素。这种个性化的方法特别令人满意,因为它为优化老年患者的功能和生活质量提供了机会,而这些通常是治疗的首要优先事项。

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