中年中国女性绝经症状的流行状况及危险因素：一项基于社区的横断面研究。
Prevalence and risk factors for menopausal symptoms in middle-aged Chinese women: a community-based cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
National Centre for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
出版信息
Menopause. 2021 Aug 30;28(11):1271-1278. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001850.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the prevalence and risk factors of menopausal symptoms in middle-aged Chinese women.
METHODS
A cross-sectional, community-based study recruited 6,745 women aged 40 to 55 years in the eastern, central, and western regions of China during 2018. Menopausal status was categorized into reproductive stage (defined as regular menstruation or subtle changes in menstrual cycle characteristics), menopausal transition (the beginning of a persistent difference of 7 d in the length of consecutive cycles, or the last menstruation having occurred no more than 12 mo), or postmenpause (the end of the 12 mo period of amenorrhea) according to the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop classification. Menopausal symptoms were determined by the modified Kupperman Menopausal Index (KMI) questionnaire and considered nonmenopausal symptoms (total KMI score<15) and menopausal symptoms (total KMI score≥15). Demographic, lifestyle, physical, and menopausal characteristics were collected by face-to-face interviews. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the risk of menopausal symptoms.
RESULTS
Among all participants, the mean age was 46.9 years, and 15.7% (1,001/6,364) of participants reported experiencing menopausal symptoms. The prevalence of menopausal symptoms was 9.3% (303/3,256), 23.9% (293/1,227), and 21.5% (405/1,881) in the reproductive stage, menopausal transition, and postmenopausal stage, respectively. Overall, the three most prevalent menopausal symptoms were insomnia (44.7%), fatigue (40.4%), and mood swings (37.2%). The multivariable logistic regression model showed that menopausal status, residence, nulliparity, and chronic diseases were associated with the risk of menopausal symptoms (all P < 0.05). Women during menopausal transition (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 2.21-3.20) or postmenopause (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.82-2.80) had significantly increased risk of menopausal symptoms compared with those in the reproductive stage.
CONCLUSIONS
Menopausal status, residence, nulliparity, and chronic diseases were associated with menopausal symptoms in middle-aged Chinese women.
目的
探讨中国中年女性绝经症状的流行情况及相关风险因素。
方法
采用横断面、基于社区的研究方法，于 2018 年在我国东部、中部和西部地区招募了 6745 名年龄在 40 至 55 岁的女性。根据生殖衰老研讨会分类标准，将绝经状态分为生殖期（定义为月经规律或月经周期特征细微改变）、绝经过渡期（连续周期长度相差 7 天以上的开始，或末次月经发生在 12 个月内）或绝经后（12 个月无月经周期的结束）。绝经症状采用改良 Kupperman 绝经指数（KMI）问卷确定，无绝经症状（总 KMI 评分<15）和绝经症状（总 KMI 评分≥15）。通过面对面访谈收集人口统计学、生活方式、身体和绝经特征。采用 logistic 回归模型确定与绝经症状风险相关的因素。
结果
在所有参与者中，平均年龄为 46.9 岁，15.7%（1001/6364）的参与者报告有绝经症状。在生殖期、绝经过渡期和绝经后，绝经症状的患病率分别为 9.3%（303/3,256）、23.9%（293/1,227）和 21.5%（405/1,881）。总体而言，三种最常见的绝经症状为失眠（44.7%）、疲劳（40.4%）和情绪波动（37.2%）。多变量 logistic 回归模型显示，绝经状态、居住地、未婚和慢性疾病与绝经症状的风险相关（均 P<0.05）。与生殖期相比，处于绝经过渡期（OR=2.66，95%CI：2.21-3.20）或绝经后（OR=2.26，95%CI：1.82-2.80）的女性绝经症状风险显著增加。
结论
绝经状态、居住地、未婚和慢性疾病与中国中年女性的绝经症状有关。
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