J Addict Nurs. 2021;32(3):180-187. doi: 10.1097/JAN.0000000000000416.
Substance abuse represents a foremost national concern for adolescents and adults; investigators have implemented a variety of interventions, delivered with both in-person and mobile-based apps' modalities. The electronic techniques could be more effective because they avoid the cost, privacy, and accessibility issues associated with in-person intervention. To address this issue, a systematic review of the scientific evidence relative to the efficacy of app-based interventions delivered by mobile devices (smartphones) to reduce substance abuse in adolescents and adults was carried out.
To identify relevant studies published from 2005 to 2019, a comprehensive search was conducted. Databases that were searched include CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. Keywords and relevant controlled vocabulary terms related to substance abuse and technology were included. Studies were included if they had examined reductions in substance abuse and problem behaviors as a primary outcome with app-based interventions delivered to adolescents and adults.
The initial search yielded 21,641 articles, duplicates were removed, and 14,797 citations remained; title/abstract screening yielded 190 full-text articles. One hundred seventy-three were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving 17 final articles to be analyzed in this review. Use of app-based interventions showed some evidence of effectiveness in reducing substance abuse in the adolescent adult population.
Most intervention studies analyzed focused on alcohol reduction. Further research is needed on diverse substance abuse utilizing larger sample sizes, longitudinal studies, and theoretical foundations on the practice of delivering interventions using mobile-based apps.
药物滥用是青少年和成年人面临的首要的全国性问题之一；研究人员已经实施了多种干预措施，包括面对面和基于移动应用程序的模式。电子技术可能更有效，因为它们避免了与面对面干预相关的成本、隐私和可及性问题。为了解决这个问题，对基于移动设备（智能手机）的应用程序干预措施减少青少年和成年人药物滥用的效果进行了系统评价。
为了确定 2005 年至 2019 年发表的相关研究，进行了全面搜索。搜索的数据库包括 CINAHL、Cochrane 中心、Embase、PsycINFO、PubMed 和 Web of Science。包括与药物滥用和技术相关的关键词和相关控制词汇。如果研究以应用程序为基础的干预措施减少药物滥用和问题行为作为主要结果，就会被纳入研究。
最初的搜索产生了 21641 篇文章，删除了重复项，剩下 14797 条引文；标题/摘要筛选产生了 190 篇全文文章。其中 173 篇因不符合纳入标准而被排除，最终有 17 篇文章被纳入本综述进行分析。应用程序为基础的干预措施在减少青少年和成年人药物滥用方面显示出一定的有效性。
分析的大多数干预研究都集中在减少酒精滥用上。需要进一步研究利用更大的样本量、纵向研究和关于使用基于移动的应用程序提供干预措施的实践的理论基础，对不同的药物滥用进行研究。
