Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Sci Eng Ethics. 2021 Sep 3;27(5):61. doi: 10.1007/s11948-021-00336-3.
A number of Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics frameworks have been published in the last 6 years in response to the growing concerns posed by the adoption of AI in different sectors, including healthcare. While there is a strong culture of medical ethics in healthcare applications, AI-based Healthcare Applications (AIHA) are challenging the existing ethics and regulatory frameworks. This scoping review explores how ethics frameworks have been implemented in AIHA, how these implementations have been evaluated and whether they have been successful. AI specific ethics frameworks in healthcare appear to have a limited adoption and they are mostly used in conjunction with other ethics frameworks. The operationalisation of ethics frameworks is a complex endeavour with challenges at different levels: ethics principles, design, technology, organisational, and regulatory. Strategies identified in this review are proactive, contextual, technological, checklist, organisational and/or evidence-based approaches. While interdisciplinary approaches show promises, how an ethics framework is implemented in an AI-based Healthcare Application is not widely reported, and there is a need for transparency for trustworthy AI.
在过去的 6 年中，已经发布了许多人工智能 (AI) 伦理框架，以应对人工智能在包括医疗保健在内的不同领域的应用所带来的日益增长的担忧。虽然医疗保健应用领域有着浓厚的医学伦理文化，但基于人工智能的医疗保健应用 (AIHA) 正在挑战现有的伦理和监管框架。本范围综述探讨了伦理框架在 AIHA 中的实施方式、这些实施方式的评估情况以及它们是否成功。医疗保健领域的特定于 AI 的伦理框架似乎采用有限，它们大多与其他伦理框架一起使用。伦理框架的实施是一项复杂的工作，在不同层面上都存在挑战：伦理原则、设计、技术、组织和监管。本综述中确定的策略是主动的、情境的、技术的、清单的、组织的和/或基于证据的方法。虽然跨学科方法显示出了希望，但在基于人工智能的医疗保健应用中如何实施伦理框架并没有得到广泛报道，因此需要为值得信赖的人工智能提供透明度。
