Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
Psychol Res. 2022 Jul;86(5):1683-1697. doi: 10.1007/s00426-021-01589-0. Epub 2021 Sep 4.
In the present article, we examine a novel illusion of motion-the Z-Box illusion-in which the presence of a bounding object influences the perception of motion of an ambiguous stimulus that appears within. Specifically, the stimuli are a structure-from-motion (SFM) particle orb and a wireframe cube. The orb could be perceived as rotating clockwise or counterclockwise while the cube could only be perceived as moving in one direction. Both stimuli were presented on a two-dimensional (2D) display with inferred three-dimensional (3D) properties. In a single experiment, we examine motion perception of a particle orb, both in isolation and when it appears within a rotating cube. Participants indicated the orb's direction of motion and whether the direction changed at any point during the trial. Accuracy was the critical measure while motion direction, the number of particles in the orb and presence of the wireframe cube were all manipulated. The results suggest that participants could perceive the orb's true rotation in the absence of the cube so long as it was made up of at least ten particles. The presence of the cube dominated perception as participants consistently perceived congruent motion of the orb and cube, even when they moved in objectively different directions. These findings are considered as they relate to prior research on motion perception, computational modelling of motion perception, structure from motion and 3D object perception.
在本文中，我们研究了一种新的运动错觉——Z 盒错觉，其中边界物体的存在会影响对处于其中的模糊刺激物运动的感知。具体来说，刺激物是一种运动结构（SFM）粒子轨道和一个线框立方体。轨道可以被感知为顺时针或逆时针旋转，而立方体只能被感知为沿一个方向移动。这两个刺激物都在二维（2D）显示器上呈现，具有推断的三维（3D）属性。在一个单一的实验中，我们研究了粒子轨道的运动感知，包括在单独呈现和出现在旋转立方体中的情况。参与者指出了轨道的运动方向，以及在试验过程中方向是否发生了任何变化。准确性是关键的衡量标准，同时还操纵了运动方向、轨道中的粒子数量和线框立方体的存在。结果表明，只要轨道由至少十个粒子组成，参与者就可以感知到轨道的真实旋转，而无需立方体。立方体的存在主导了感知，因为参与者一致地感知到轨道和立方体的一致运动，即使它们实际上沿不同的方向移动。这些发现与运动感知的先前研究、运动感知的计算建模、运动结构和 3D 物体感知有关。
