Domini Fulvio, Caudek Corrado
Brown University, Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2010 Jan;133(1):81-9. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.10.003. Epub 2009 Dec 5.
We asked observers to match in depth a disparity-only stimulus with a velocity-only stimulus. The observers' responses revealed systematic biases: the two stimuli appeared to be matched in depth when they were produced by the projection of different distal depth extents. We discuss two alternative models of depth recovery that could account for these results. (1) Depth matches could be obtained by scaling the image signals by constants not specified by optical information, and (2) depth matches could be obtained by equating the stimuli in terms of their signal-to-noise ratios (see Domini & Caudek, 2009). We show that the systematic failures of shape constancy revealed by observers' judgments are well accounted for by the hypothesis that the apparent depth of a stimulus is determined by the magnitude of the retinal signals relative to the uncertainty (i.e., internal noise) arising from the measurement of those signals.
我们要求观察者在深度上匹配仅具有视差的刺激与仅具有速度的刺激。观察者的反应显示出系统偏差：当这两种刺激由不同的远距深度范围投射产生时，它们在深度上似乎是匹配的。我们讨论了两种可以解释这些结果的深度恢复替代模型。（1）深度匹配可以通过用光学信息未指定的常数对图像信号进行缩放来获得，并且（2）深度匹配可以通过使刺激在信噪比方面相等来获得（见多米尼和考德克，2009）。我们表明，观察者判断所揭示的形状恒常性的系统失效可以通过以下假设得到很好的解释，即刺激的表观深度由视网膜信号的大小相对于因这些信号测量而产生的不确定性（即内部噪声）来确定。
