Society for Nutrition, Education and Health Action, Behind Bldg. No. 11, BMC Colony, Shastri Nagar, Santa Cruz (W), 400 054, Mumbai, India.
UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, Medical School Building, 74 Huntley Street, WC1E 6AU, London, UK.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021 Sep 4;21(1):602. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-04075-y.
Valid and reliable measures such as London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) are imperative for understanding fertility-related behaviors and estimating unintended pregnancy. The aim of this study was to validate the LMUP in the Hindi language for a wider reach in India.
An interviewer administered version of the LMUP was translated and pretested in Hindi. The LMUP was field tested with married women in the reproductive age group across forty informal settlements in Mumbai in the post intervention census of a cluster randomized control trial to improve the health of women and children. Analyses involved the full sample and sub-groups according to time-from-conception. Reliability (internal consistency) was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, inter-item correlations, and item-rest correlations. Construct validity was assessed by hypothesis testing and confirmatory factor analysis.
4991 women were included in the study (1180 were pregnant, 2126 in their first- and 1685 in their second postnatal year). LMUP item completion rates were 100 % and the full range of LMUP scores was captured. Reliability: the scale was internally consistent (Cronbach's α = 0.84), inter-item correlations were positive, and item-rest correlations were above 0.2 for all items except item six (0.07). Construct validity: hypotheses were met, and confirmatory factor analysis showed that a one-factor model was a good fit for the data, confirming unidimensional measurement. The sub-group analysis (by pregnant, first-, and second postnatal year) showed that the psychometric properties of the LMUP were similar across the groups. In terms of LMUP scores, the women in the postnatal groups were very slightly, but significantly, more likely to have an LMUP score of 10 + compared to pregnant women; the difference between the first and second postnatal year was not significant.
The Hindi LMUP is valid and reliable measure of pregnancy intention that may be used in India.
This study is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN56183183, and Clinical Trials Registry of India, number CTRI/2012/09/003004.
有效的和可靠的测量方法，如伦敦意外怀孕测量表（LMUP），对于理解与生育相关的行为和估计意外怀孕至关重要。本研究的目的是将 LMUP 翻译成印地语，以便在印度更广泛地使用。
对 LMUP 进行了翻译和印地语预测试。在孟买的 40 个非正式住区，对处于生育年龄的已婚妇女进行了现场测试，这是一项提高妇女和儿童健康的集群随机对照试验的干预后普查。分析包括全样本和根据受孕时间的亚组。使用 Cronbach's alpha、项目间相关性和项目-残余相关性来评估信度（内部一致性）。通过假设检验和验证性因素分析来评估结构效度。
共有 4991 名妇女参加了这项研究（1180 名孕妇，2126 名产后第一年，1685 名产后第二年）。LMUP 项目完成率为 100%，并捕获了 LMUP 分数的全范围。信度：该量表具有内部一致性（Cronbach's α=0.84），项目间相关性为正，除第六项（0.07）外，所有项目的项目-残余相关性均高于 0.2。结构效度：假设得到满足，验证性因素分析表明，单因素模型对数据拟合良好，证实了单一维度的测量。亚组分析（按孕妇、产后第一年和产后第二年）表明，LMUP 的心理测量特性在各组之间相似。就 LMUP 得分而言，产后组的妇女非常轻微但显著更有可能获得 10+的 LMUP 得分，而产后第一年和第二年之间的差异无统计学意义。
印地语版的 LMUP 是一种有效的、可靠的妊娠意图测量方法，可在印度使用。
本研究在 ISRCTN 注册，编号 ISRCTN56183183，在印度临床试验注册中心注册，编号 CTRI/2012/09/003004。
