Trends in preservative allergy: Benzisothiazolinone emerges from the pack.

BACKGROUND

Preservatives are used widely in cosmetic, household, and industrial products to prevent microbial growth and spoiling of the products. There has been a recent epidemic of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone (MI).

OBJECTIVES

To establish emerging trends in preservative contact allergy as MI is replaced.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective study on consecutively patch-tested patients at our center from January 2011 to December 2019.

RESULTS

A total of 7846 consecutively patch-tested patients were included who were patch tested between January 2011 and December 2019. The prevalence of allergy to MI fell from a peak of 9.39% in 2013 to 1.98% in 2019. MI/methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) followed a similar trend, with a peak prevalence of 7.85% in 2014 and falling to 1.39% in 2018. The prevalence of contact allergy to benzisothiazolinone (BIT) has increased steadily increased in 2014 from 0.26% (confidence interval [CI] 0.03-0.93) to 3.42% (CI 2.43-4.66) in 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data show a significant increase in the prevalence of contact allergy to BIT over the last 6 years, probably as a consequence of increased use in household products. It is essential to continue to look for emerging trends in contact allergy to enable prompt preventative measures to be taken.