Vanajan Anushiya, Bültmann Ute, Henkens Kène
Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, Lange Houtstraat 19, 2511 CV The Hague, The Netherlands.
Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Broerstraat 5, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands.
Eur J Ageing. 2020 Nov 4;18(3):369-379. doi: 10.1007/s10433-020-00590-7. eCollection 2021 Sep.
Vitality is the feeling of physical and mental aliveness. Vitality benefits individual, organizational and societal well-being. However, we know much less about the dynamics in the levels of vitality and its' precursors. This study investigates the effects of retirement on vitality and how this effect differs between manual and non-manual workers and by baseline levels of vitality. We used two waves of the NIDI Pension Panel Survey, collected in the Netherlands in 2015 and 2018. Data from 4156 older workers ( = 4156), of whom 1934 (46.5%) retired between waves, were analysed. Vitality is assessed in three ways, as: (1) a composite measure of vitality, and its subcomponents (2) energy and (3) fatigue. Conditional Change OLS Regression models demonstrated that retirement is associated with improved vitality and decreased fatigue. Older workers who retire from manual work at wave 1 experienced the largest gains in vitality and highest declines in fatigue at wave 2, compared to those who remained employed. Retirement was more advantageous for older workers who experienced poor vitality and high fatigue at wave 1. No such effects were found for energy. Older workers in manual work, those experiencing low vitality and high fatigue at wave 1, may benefit most from early retirement. Since opportunities for early retirement are highly restrictive, it is essential to provide these groups of workers with effective work accommodations and interventions that may not only improve their vitality and quality of working life, but also extend their participation in the labour market.
活力是一种身心充满生机的感觉。活力有益于个人、组织和社会的福祉。然而，我们对活力水平及其先兆的动态变化了解得要少得多。本研究调查了退休对活力的影响，以及这种影响在体力劳动者和非体力劳动者之间以及根据活力的基线水平有何不同。我们使用了2015年和2018年在荷兰收集的两波荷兰国家退休研究所养老金面板调查数据。对4156名老年工人（n = 4156）的数据进行了分析，其中1934人（46.5%）在两波调查期间退休。活力通过三种方式进行评估，即：（1）活力的综合衡量指标及其子成分（2）精力和（3）疲劳。条件变化OLS回归模型表明，退休与活力改善和疲劳减轻相关。与仍在工作的人相比，在第一波调查中从体力工作岗位退休的老年工人在第二波调查中活力提升最大，疲劳下降最多。退休对在第一波调查中活力较差且疲劳程度较高的老年工人更为有利。在精力方面未发现此类影响。从事体力工作、在第一波调查中活力较低且疲劳程度较高的老年工人可能从提前退休中受益最大。由于提前退休的机会受到严格限制，为这些工人群体提供有效的工作调整和干预措施至关重要，这些措施不仅可以提高他们的活力和工作生活质量，还可以延长他们在劳动力市场的参与时间。
