Macnamara Anne, Chen Celia, Schinazi Victor R, Saredakis Dimitrios, Loetscher Tobias
Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, UniSA Justice & Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 13;15:663062. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.663062. eCollection 2021.
Investigating difficulties during activities of daily living is a fundamental first step for the development of vision-related intervention and rehabilitation strategies. One way to do this is through visual impairment simulations. The aim of this review is to synthesize and assess the types of simulation methods that have been used to simulate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in normally sighted participants, during activities of daily living (e.g., reading, cleaning, and cooking). We conducted a systematic literature search in five databases and a critical analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various AMD simulation methods (following PRISMA guidelines). The review focuses on the suitability of each method for investigating activities of daily living, an assessment of clinical validation procedures, and an evaluation of the adaptation periods for participants. Nineteen studies met the criteria for inclusion. Contact lenses, computer manipulations, gaze contingent displays, and simulation glasses were the main forms of AMD simulation identified. The use of validation and adaptation procedures were reported in approximately two-thirds and half of studies, respectively. Synthesis of the methodology demonstrated that the choice of simulation has been, and should continue to be, guided by the nature of the study. While simulations may never completely replicate vision loss experienced during AMD, consistency in simulation methodology is critical for generating realistic behavioral responses under vision impairment simulation and limiting the influence of confounding factors. Researchers could also come to a consensus regarding the length and form of adaptation by exploring what is an adequate amount of time and type of training required to acclimatize participants to vision impairment simulations.
调查日常生活活动中的困难是制定视力相关干预和康复策略的基本首要步骤。一种方法是通过视觉障碍模拟。本综述的目的是综合和评估在日常生活活动（如阅读、清洁和烹饪）中用于模拟正常视力参与者年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的模拟方法类型。我们在五个数据库中进行了系统的文献检索，并对各种AMD模拟方法的优缺点进行了批判性分析（遵循PRISMA指南）。该综述重点关注每种方法对调查日常生活活动的适用性、临床验证程序的评估以及参与者适应期的评估。19项研究符合纳入标准。隐形眼镜、计算机操作、注视相关显示器和模拟眼镜是确定的AMD模拟的主要形式。分别约有三分之二和一半的研究报告了验证和适应程序的使用情况。方法学的综合表明，模拟方法的选择过去一直且应继续以研究的性质为指导。虽然模拟可能永远无法完全复制AMD期间经历的视力丧失，但模拟方法的一致性对于在视觉障碍模拟下产生现实的行为反应以及限制混杂因素的影响至关重要。研究人员还可以通过探索使参与者适应视觉障碍模拟所需的适当时间量和训练类型，就适应的时长和形式达成共识。
