Lei Lei, Lin Zhiyong
Department of Sociology, Rutgers University.
Center on Aging and Population Sciences and Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin.
Chin Sociol Rev. 2021;53(3):254-284. doi: 10.1080/21620555.2021.1890010. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
The urban structure in China has been transformed profoundly through rounds of economic reforms. Over the past 60 years, various types of neighborhoods have emerged at different stages of economic and social transition. Formed and organized in different ways, these neighborhoods provide distinct economic, social, and physical environments to residents. However, little is known about the link between neighborhood types and the health of residents in urban China. Using longitudinal data from the China Labor-Force Dynamics Survey (2012-2014), we estimate multilevel regression models to predict self-rated health (SRH) while controlling for a lagged measure of SRH. Results show that living in traditional communities in old districts and work-unit compounds for state-owned enterprises is associated with better SRH among older adults (≥50 years old) compared with living in other types of neighborhoods, such as commercial-housing communities and migrant enclaves. Neighborhood types do not matter for the health of younger adults (< 50 years old). Neighborhood water quality and distance to facilities are associated with SRH for older adults but do not account for the relationships between neighborhood types and SRH.
经过多轮经济改革，中国的城市结构发生了深刻变革。在过去60年里，不同类型的社区在经济和社会转型的不同阶段涌现出来。这些社区以不同方式形成和组织，为居民提供了截然不同的经济、社会和物质环境。然而，对于中国城市社区类型与居民健康之间的联系，人们知之甚少。利用中国劳动力动态调查（2012 - 2014年）的纵向数据，我们估计了多层次回归模型，以预测自评健康状况（SRH），同时控制SRH的滞后指标。结果表明，与居住在其他类型的社区（如商品房社区和移民聚居区）相比，居住在老城区的传统社区和国有企业的单位大院中，老年人（≥50岁）的自评健康状况更好。社区类型对年轻人（<50岁）的健康没有影响。社区水质和到设施的距离与老年人的自评健康状况相关，但并不能解释社区类型与自评健康状况之间的关系。
