Post Eric G, Rosenthal Michael D, Root Hayley J, Rauh Mitchell J
Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, USA.
Division of Physical Therapy Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2021 Aug 31;9(8):23259671211024594. doi: 10.1177/23259671211024594. eCollection 2021 Aug.
Previous surveys of youth sport parents have revealed that while parents believe early sport specialization is beneficial for improving sport ability, they also overestimate their child's chances of receiving a college scholarship.
To (1) describe knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of parents of youth basketball players regarding sport specialization and college scholarships and (2) examine potential differences in child basketball participation characteristics based on parent income.
Cross-sectional study.
A total of 805 parents (mean age, 39.9 ± 7.1 years; 353 female [43.9%]) of youth basketball players (mean age, 12.9 ± 2.5 years; 241 female [29.9%]) were recruited via Qualtrics Online Panels to complete an anonymous online questionnaire. Participants were required to be a parent of a child between 8 and 18 years of age who participated in organized youth basketball (ie, school, club, or recreational/local league). Participants were recruited to be nationally representative with regard to race/ethnicity (White, 62.7%; Hispanic/Latino of any race, 15.3%; African American/Black, 13.3%; Asian, 4.6%; ≥2 races, 2.9%; American Indian/Alaskan Native, 1.1%; Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander, 0.1%). The questionnaire was adapted from previous research on parent knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs and consisted of 3 sections: (1) parent and child characteristics; (2) child basketball participation information (months per year of basketball participation, sport specialization status, receiving private coaching, traveling regularly for basketball competitions, participating on multiple teams at the same time); and (3) parent attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge regarding sport specialization and college basketball scholarships.
Most parents believed specialization increased their child's chances of making a high school (71.4%) or college team (69.7%). Parents underestimated the availability of college basketball scholarships at the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) Division I and II levels (8.9 ± 5.1 vs reality of 13-15 per team) but overestimated availability at the Division III level (8.6 ± 5.7 vs reality of 0 per team). High-income parents spent significantly more money ($4748 USD [$1214-$10,246]) than middle-income ($2250 USD [$727-$5079]; < .001) and low-income ($1043 USD [$368-$2444]; < .001) parents.
Parents believed specialization was important for sport success, but they underestimated college scholarship availability at the NCAA Division I and II levels while overestimating scholarship availability at the Division III level.
先前针对青少年体育家长的调查显示，虽然家长们认为早期体育专项化有利于提高运动能力，但他们也高估了自己孩子获得大学奖学金的机会。
（1）描述青少年篮球运动员家长对体育专项化和大学奖学金的认知、态度和信念；（2）基于家长收入情况，研究儿童篮球参与特征的潜在差异。
横断面研究。
通过Qualtrics在线面板招募了805名青少年篮球运动员的家长（平均年龄39.9±7.1岁；353名女性[43.9%]），其子女平均年龄为12.9±2.5岁（241名女性[29.9%]），让他们完成一份匿名在线问卷。参与者必须是8至18岁参与有组织的青少年篮球活动（即学校、俱乐部或娱乐/当地联赛）的孩子的家长。招募的参与者在种族/民族方面具有全国代表性（白人占62.7%；任何种族的西班牙裔/拉丁裔占15.3%；非裔美国人/黑人占13.3%；亚洲人占4.6%；两个或以上种族占2.9%；美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民占1.1%；夏威夷原住民/其他太平洋岛民占0.1%）。该问卷改编自先前关于家长认知、态度和信念的研究，包括三个部分：（1）家长和孩子的特征；（2）孩子篮球参与信息（每年参加篮球活动的月数、体育专项化状况、接受私人教练指导、定期参加篮球比赛、同时参加多个球队）；（3）家长对体育专项化和大学篮球奖学金的态度、信念和认知。
大多数家长认为专项化增加了孩子进入高中校队（71.4%）或大学球队（69.7%）的机会。家长们低估了美国大学体育总会（NCAA）一级和二级联赛中大学篮球奖学金的可获得性（8.9±5.1，而实际每队为13 - 15个），但高估了三级联赛的可获得性（8.6±5.7，而实际每队为0个）。高收入家长的花费（4748美元[1214 - 10246美元]）显著高于中等收入家长（2250美元[727 - 5079美元]；P <.001）和低收入家长（1043美元[368 - 2444美元]；P <.001）。
家长们认为专项化对运动成功很重要，但他们低估了NCAA一级和二级联赛中大学奖学金的可获得性，同时高估了三级联赛的奖学金可获得性。
