Miura Katsutoshi, Fukushi Yasuko
Department of Health Science, Pathology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
Department of Innovative Medical Photonics, Institute for Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
Heliyon. 2021 Aug 21;7(8):e07847. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07847. eCollection 2021 Aug.
Cells incur structural and functional damage from external stimuli. Under scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), speed of sound (SOS), attenuation, and thickness values are plotted to visualize cellular stiffness, viscosity, and size. The obtained digital data are then compared using statistical analysis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the alterations in the mechanical and structural characteristics of cancer cells in response to anticancer drugs, acidic fluids, and microwave burdens using SAM. We found that active untreated cells showed increased thickness and reduced SOS and attenuation, whereas dying treated cells displayed reduced thickness and increased SOS. Tannic and acetic acid treatments and microwave irradiation all increased SOS and attenuation and reduced thickness, which meant that these treatments made cells thinner, stiffer, and more viscous. Furthermore, the different anticancer drugs interacted with cancer cells to induce characteristic changes in SAM values. These structural and mechanical alterations induced in cells were difficult to observe under light microscopy. However, under SAM, cancer cell activity and function corresponded consistently with changes in SAM values. Cellular damage parameters were statistically compared between the different treatments, and time-dependent cellular changes were established. SAM observation can therefore reliably evaluate cancer cell damage and recovery after chemotherapy and physical therapy. These results may help evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of various treatments.
细胞会因外部刺激而遭受结构和功能损伤。在扫描声学显微镜（SAM）下，绘制声速（SOS）、衰减和厚度值以可视化细胞的硬度、粘度和大小。然后使用统计分析对获得的数字数据进行比较。在本研究中，我们旨在使用SAM研究癌细胞在抗癌药物、酸性液体和微波负荷作用下的力学和结构特征变化。我们发现，未经处理的活性细胞厚度增加，SOS和衰减降低，而经处理的濒死细胞厚度降低，SOS增加。单宁酸和醋酸处理以及微波辐射均增加了SOS和衰减，并降低了厚度，这意味着这些处理使细胞变薄、变硬且更粘稠。此外，不同的抗癌药物与癌细胞相互作用，诱导SAM值发生特征性变化。在光学显微镜下很难观察到细胞中诱导的这些结构和力学变化。然而，在SAM下，癌细胞的活性和功能与SAM值的变化始终一致。对不同处理之间的细胞损伤参数进行了统计学比较，并确定了随时间变化的细胞变化。因此，SAM观察可以可靠地评估化疗和物理治疗后癌细胞的损伤和恢复情况。这些结果可能有助于评估各种治疗的疗效。
