Tranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
Inspectorate SZW, Den Haag, The Netherlands.
J Occup Rehabil. 2022 Sep;32(3):365-379. doi: 10.1007/s10926-021-09998-z. Epub 2021 Sep 6.
Studies are increasingly showing that health related stigma is a barrier to employment, but it is not known how. The aim of this systematic review is to identify, appraise and analyse studies that have directly or indirectly addressed ways in which stigma affects sustainable employment and well-being at work of people with disabilities.
Using a multiphase screening process, this review is based on a comprehensive literature search (2000-2019) carried out in six electronic databases: Embase, Web of Science, Medline Ovid, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO and Google Scholar.
7.263 publications were identified; 96 studies were found eligible to be included in the review. 72% of the studies were conducted in North America or Europe. Few studies directly assessed how stigma affects the employment of people with disabilities. Most studies highlighted that attitudes and behaviour of employers formed a barrier to employment, as well as anticipated stigma and self-stigma in people with health problems. However, the findings also showed that the attitudes and behaviour of co-workers, health care professionals, reintegration professionals, customers, and family and friends could act as a barrier to employment although these influences are under-researched. Although many similarities were seen in the relevant findings of studies about both physical and mental disabilities, several nuances were found.
Stigma hampers sustainable employment and well-being in multiple ways. Whereas the number of publications on this topic is rapidly increasing, the roles of health care professionals, reintegration professionals, co-workers, customers, and family and friends particularly warrant more attention.
越来越多的研究表明，与健康相关的耻辱感是就业的障碍，但尚不清楚其具体方式。本系统评价旨在确定、评估和分析直接或间接探讨耻辱感如何影响残疾人士可持续就业和工作福祉的研究。
本研究采用多阶段筛选程序，基于在六个电子数据库（Embase、Web of Science、Medline Ovid、Cochrane CENTRAL、PsycINFO 和 Google Scholar）进行的全面文献检索（2000-2019 年）。
共确定了 7263 篇文献；发现 96 项研究符合纳入本综述的标准。72%的研究在北美或欧洲进行。很少有研究直接评估耻辱感如何影响残疾人士的就业。大多数研究强调雇主的态度和行为是就业的障碍，以及有健康问题的人预期的耻辱感和自我耻辱感。然而，研究结果还表明，同事、医疗保健专业人员、再融入专业人员、客户以及家人和朋友的态度和行为也可能成为就业的障碍，尽管这些影响的研究还不够充分。尽管关于身体和精神残疾的研究在相关发现中存在许多相似之处，但也发现了一些细微差别。
耻辱感以多种方式阻碍可持续就业和福祉。尽管关于这一主题的出版物数量正在迅速增加，但医疗保健专业人员、再融入专业人员、同事、客户以及家人和朋友的角色尤其值得更多关注。
