Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC) Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain & Cognition (ABC) Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Neuropsychologia. 2021 Oct 15;161:108017. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108017. Epub 2021 Sep 4.
Object and scene recognition both require mapping of incoming sensory information to existing conceptual knowledge about the world. A notable finding in brain-damaged patients is that they may show differentially impaired performance for specific categories, such as for "living exemplars". While numerous patients with category-specific impairments have been reported, the explanations for these deficits remain controversial. In the current study, we investigate the ability of a brain injured patient with a well-established category-specific impairment of semantic memory to perform two categorization experiments: 'natural' vs. 'manmade' scenes (experiment 1) and objects (experiment 2). Our findings show that the pattern of categorical impairment does not respect the natural versus manmade distinction. This suggests that the impairments may be better explained by differences in visual features, rather than by category membership. Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) as 'artificial animal models' we further explored this idea. Results indicated that DCNNs with 'lesions' in higher order layers showed similar response patterns, with decreased relative performance for manmade scenes (experiment 1) and natural objects (experiment 2), even though they have no semantic category knowledge, apart from a mapping between pictures and labels. Collectively, these results suggest that the direction of category-effects to a large extent depends, at least in MS' case, on the degree of perceptual differentiation called for, and not semantic knowledge.
物体和场景识别都需要将传入的感觉信息映射到关于世界的现有概念知识上。在脑损伤患者中一个显著的发现是，他们可能在特定类别上表现出不同程度的受损，例如“生物范例”。虽然已经报道了许多具有特定类别损伤的患者，但这些缺陷的解释仍然存在争议。在当前的研究中，我们调查了一名具有明确语义记忆特定类别损伤的脑损伤患者执行两项分类实验的能力：“自然”与“人造”场景（实验 1）和物体（实验 2）。我们的研究结果表明，分类损伤的模式并不尊重自然与人为的区别。这表明，损伤可能更好地通过视觉特征的差异来解释，而不是通过类别归属来解释。我们使用深度卷积神经网络（DCNN）作为“人工动物模型”进一步探讨了这个想法。结果表明，具有高层“损伤”的 DCNN 表现出相似的反应模式，对于人造场景（实验 1）和自然物体（实验 2）的相对表现下降，即使它们除了图片和标签之间的映射之外，没有语义类别知识。总的来说，这些结果表明，在很大程度上，类别效应的方向至少取决于 MS 的情况，取决于所要求的感知区分程度，而不是语义知识。
