MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France.
Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
Infect Genet Evol. 2021 Nov;95:105066. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105066. Epub 2021 Sep 3.
Managing emerging infectious diseases is a current challenge in the fields of microbiology and epidemiology. Indeed, among other environmental and human-related factors, climate change and global warming favor the emergence of new pathogens. The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic, of which the large and rapid spread surprised the scientific community, is a reminder of the importance to study viruses currently responsible for sporadic infections. Increasing our knowledge of key factors involved in emerging infections is essential to implement specific monitoring that can be oriented according to the pathogen, targeted population, or at-risk environment. Recent technological developments, such as high-throughput sequencing, genome-wide association studies and CRISPR screenings have allowed the identification of human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in infectious disease outcome. This review focuses on the human genetic host factors that have been identified and shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection and candidate SNP targets.
应对新发传染病是微生物学和流行病学领域目前面临的一项挑战。实际上，除了其他环境和人为因素外，气候变化和全球变暖也有利于新病原体的出现。最近的寨卡病毒（ZIKV）疫情，其大规模和快速传播令科学界感到惊讶，这提醒我们有必要研究目前导致散发性感染的病毒。增加我们对新发感染相关关键因素的认识对于实施特定监测至关重要，这种监测可以根据病原体、目标人群或高危环境进行定向。最近的技术发展，如高通量测序、全基因组关联研究和 CRISPR 筛选，已经能够鉴定出参与传染病结果的人类单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。这篇综述重点介绍了已被确定并表明与 ZIKV 感染发病机制相关的人类遗传宿主因素和候选 SNP 靶点。
