Gullo Giuseppe, Scaglione Marco, Cucinella Gaspare, Riva Arianna, Coldebella Davide, Cavaliere Anna Franca, Signore Fabrizio, Buzzaccarini Giovanni, Spagnol Giulia, Laganà Antonio Simone, Noventa Marco, Zaami Simona
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital IVF UNIT, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2022 Mar 1;11(5):1351. doi: 10.3390/jcm11051351.
Zika virus (ZIKV) was discovered in Uganda in 1947 and was originally isolated only in Africa and Asia. After a spike of microcephaly cases in Brazil, research has closely focused on different aspects of congenital ZIKV infection. In this review, we evaluated many aspects of the disease in order to build its natural history, with a focus on the long-term clinical and neuro-radiological outcomes in children. The authors have conducted a wide-ranging search spanning the 2012-2021 period from databases PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus. Different sections reflect different points of congenital ZIKV infection syndrome: pathogenesis, prenatal diagnosis, clinical signs, neuroimaging and long-term developmental outcomes. It emerged that pathogenesis has not been fully clarified and that the clinical signs are not only limited to microcephaly. Given the current absence of treatments, we proposed schemes to optimize diagnostic protocols in endemic countries. It is essential to know the key aspects of this disease to guarantee early diagnosis, even in less severe cases, and an adequate management of the main chronic problems. Considering the relatively recent discovery of this congenital infectious syndrome, further studies and updated long-term follow-up are needed to further improve management strategies for this disease.
寨卡病毒（ZIKV）于1947年在乌干达被发现，最初仅在非洲和亚洲分离出来。在巴西小头畸形病例激增之后，研究密切关注先天性寨卡病毒感染的不同方面。在本综述中，我们评估了该疾病的许多方面以构建其自然史，重点关注儿童的长期临床和神经放射学结果。作者对2012年至2021年期间来自PubMed、PubMed Central、科学网、Medline、Scopus数据库进行了广泛检索。不同部分反映了先天性寨卡病毒感染综合征的不同要点：发病机制、产前诊断、临床体征、神经影像学和长期发育结果。结果表明，发病机制尚未完全阐明，临床体征不仅限于小头畸形。鉴于目前缺乏治疗方法，我们提出了在流行国家优化诊断方案的计划。了解该疾病的关键方面对于确保早期诊断至关重要，即使在病情较轻的病例中也是如此，同时也能对主要慢性问题进行适当管理。考虑到这种先天性感染综合征发现时间相对较近，需要进一步研究和更新长期随访，以进一步改善该疾病的管理策略。
