Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
Hypertens Res. 2021 Nov;44(11):1363-1372. doi: 10.1038/s41440-021-00732-z. Epub 2021 Sep 6.
Blood pressure (BP) exhibits seasonal variation, with an elevation of daytime BP in winter and an elevation of nighttime BP in summer. The wintertime elevation of daytime BP is largely attributable to cold temperatures. The summertime elevation of nighttime BP is not due mainly to temperature; rather, it is considered to be related to physical discomfort and poor sleep quality due to the summer weather. The winter elevation of daytime BP is likely to be associated with the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in winter compared to other seasons. The suppression of excess seasonal BP changes, especially the wintertime elevation of daytime BP and the summertime elevation of nighttime BP, would contribute to the prevention of CVD events. Herein, we review the literature on seasonal variations in BP, and we recommend the following measures for suppressing excess seasonal BP changes as part of a regimen to manage hypertension: (1) out-of-office BP monitoring, especially home BP measurements, throughout the year to evaluate seasonal variations in BP; (2) the early titration and tapering of antihypertensive medications before winter and summer; (3) the optimization of environmental factors such as room temperature and housing conditions; and (4) the use of information and communication technology-based medicine to evaluate seasonal variations in BP and provide early therapeutic intervention. Seasonal BP variations are an important treatment target for the prevention of CVD through the management of hypertension, and further research is necessary to clarify these variations.
血压（BP）存在季节性变化，冬季白天 BP 升高，夏季夜间 BP 升高。白天 BP 在冬季升高主要归因于低温。夜间 BP 在夏季升高并非主要由于温度，而是由于夏季天气导致身体不适和睡眠质量下降。与其他季节相比，冬季白天 BP 的升高可能与心血管疾病（CVD）事件的发生率增加有关。抑制过多的季节性血压变化，特别是冬季白天 BP 的升高和夏季夜间 BP 的升高，有助于预防 CVD 事件。在此，我们回顾了关于血压季节性变化的文献，并建议采取以下措施来抑制过多的季节性血压变化，作为高血压管理方案的一部分：（1）全年进行诊室外血压监测，尤其是家庭血压测量，以评估血压的季节性变化；（2）在冬季和夏季之前，及早调整和减少降压药物剂量；（3）优化环境因素，如室温及住房条件；（4）使用基于信息和通信技术的医学来评估血压的季节性变化，并提供早期治疗干预。通过高血压管理来预防 CVD，季节性血压变化是一个重要的治疗目标，需要进一步研究来阐明这些变化。
