Minami J, Kawano Y, Ishimitsu T, Yoshimi H, Takishita S
Division of Hypertension, National Cardiovascular Centre, Suita, Japan.
J Hypertens. 1996 Dec;14(12):1421-5. doi: 10.1097/00004872-199612000-00006.
To study the influence of seasons on blood pressure in ordinary circumstances.
We examined seasonal variations of home and 24 h ambulatory and office blood pressures in outpatients with essential hypertension. Office, home and ambulatory blood pressures of 50 outpatients with essential hypertension were recorded in 1993. The subjects were 26 women and 24 men, aged 59.3 +/- 1.1 years (mean +/- SEM). Office blood pressure was measured monthly by physicians. Home blood pressure was measured every day by the patients in the morning and evening. Ambulatory blood pressure was recorded every 30 min in summer and in winter. The order of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was randomized. The daytime and night-time blood pressures were calculated according to the true waking and sleeping times of the individual patients.
Both office and home blood pressures showed significant seasonal variations. The winter-summer differences in office and home blood pressures were 4.7 +/- 1.3/ 3.3 +/- 0.9 and 5.9 +/- 1.1/2.7 +/- 0.6 mmHg, respectively. They were not influenced by the presence of antihypertensive agents. The winter-summer difference was also significant for daytime ambulatory blood pressure (3.5 +/- 1.4/ 2.5 +/- 0.8 mmHg), but not for night-time ambulatory blood pressure (-2.9 +/- 1.7/-1.2 +/- 1.0 mmHg) or average 24 h blood pressure (1.5 +/- 1.3/1.2 +/- 0.7 mmHg). There were no significant differences in the waking and sleeping times between the two seasons.
Office, home and daytime ambulatory blood pressure levels were higher in winter than they were in summer in patients with essential hypertension. However, the seasonal variations in average 24 h blood pressure may be small because of the lack of changes in night-time blood pressure.
研究在正常情况下季节对血压的影响。
我们检测了原发性高血压门诊患者家庭血压、24小时动态血压及诊室血压的季节变化。1993年记录了50例原发性高血压门诊患者的诊室、家庭及动态血压。受试者为26名女性和24名男性，年龄59.3±1.1岁（均值±标准误）。诊室血压由医生每月测量一次。家庭血压由患者每天早晚测量。夏季和冬季每30分钟记录一次动态血压。动态血压监测顺序随机。根据患者实际的清醒和睡眠时间计算白天和夜间血压。
诊室血压和家庭血压均显示出显著的季节变化。诊室血压和家庭血压的冬夏差值分别为4.7±1.3/3.3±0.9和5.9±1.1/2.7±0.6 mmHg。它们不受降压药物的影响。白天动态血压的冬夏差值也显著（3.5±1.4/2.5±0.8 mmHg），但夜间动态血压（-2.9±1.7/-1.2±1.0 mmHg）或24小时平均血压（1.5±1.3/1.2±0.7 mmHg）无显著差异。两个季节的清醒和睡眠时间无显著差异。
原发性高血压患者的诊室、家庭及白天动态血压水平冬季高于夏季。然而，由于夜间血压缺乏变化，24小时平均血压的季节变化可能较小。
