Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India.
J Food Biochem. 2021 Oct;45(10):e13918. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13918. Epub 2021 Sep 7.
This study aimed to prepare the fortified rice/flour with Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) stem powder to eliminate nutritional deficiency and improve bone health. Mineral analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed that the CQ stem has adequate quantities of calcium, magnesium, and a moderate amount of phosphorous to meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Thus, the rice and flour were fortified with freeze-dried CQ stem powder to improve its nutraceutical contents. The fortification was done using standard vacuum impregnation and blending process. Furthermore, the recuperative activity of prepared fortified rice (CQFR) and flour (CQFF) was tested in chemically induced osteoporosis and osteoarthritis animal models. The efficiency of CQ fortified diet against these complications was confirmed by hematology, radiology, and histopathological analysis. The rat groups fed with CQFF/CQFR diet showed significant improvement from calcium deficiency and its allied physiological damage. Thus, this study confirms that the CQ fortified rice would provide recovery from skeletal complications associated with calcium deficiency through fixing both homeostasis and bio-accessibility of the calcium. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Micronutrient and mineral deficiency is relatively higher in the regions where rice/rice products are consumed as a staple diet. Dietary intake of calcium and some essential minerals have major influences on bone and joint health. Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) is a familiar herb, conventionally used in India to fix broken bones and strengthen the skeletal system. The Atomic absorption spectroscopy data from this study showed that the CQ stem holds a high amount of calcium and other essential minerals to promote skeletal health. Preparation of fortified rice and flour with CQ stem would be a beneficial source of the essential minerals/ bioactive principles to promote and sustain skeletal health in the underprivileged population. These study data substantiated the practical application of producing the CQ fortified nutraceutical staple diet, especially to the people who are afflicted with morbid skeletal complications.
本研究旨在制备强化米/面粉，以消除营养缺乏并改善骨骼健康。原子吸收光谱法的矿物质分析表明，CQ 茎具有足够数量的钙、镁和适量的磷，以满足推荐膳食允许量 (RDA)。因此，用冷冻干燥的 CQ 茎粉来强化米和面粉，以提高其营养成分。强化是通过标准真空浸渍和混合工艺进行的。此外，还在化学诱导的骨质疏松症和骨关节炎动物模型中测试了制备强化米 (CQFR) 和面粉 (CQFF) 的恢复活性。通过血液学、放射学和组织病理学分析证实了 CQ 强化饮食对这些并发症的有效性。用 CQFF/CQFR 饮食喂养的大鼠组在钙缺乏及其相关生理损伤方面表现出显著改善。因此，本研究证实，CQ 强化米可以通过固定钙的体内平衡和生物可及性，从与钙缺乏相关的骨骼并发症中恢复。实际应用：在以大米/大米制品为主要饮食的地区，微量营养素和矿物质缺乏相对较高。钙和一些必需矿物质的饮食摄入对骨骼和关节健康有重大影响。CQ 是一种常见的草药，在印度传统上用于固定断骨和增强骨骼系统。本研究的原子吸收光谱数据表明，CQ 茎含有大量的钙和其他必需矿物质，可促进骨骼健康。用 CQ 茎制备强化米和面粉将是一种有益的必需矿物质/生物活性物质来源，可促进和维持贫困人群的骨骼健康。这些研究数据证实了生产 CQ 强化营养主食的实际应用，特别是对患有严重骨骼并发症的人群。
