Galea Benjamin, Humle Tatyana
Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
Conserv Biol. 2022 Feb;36(1):e13836. doi: 10.1111/cobi.13836. Epub 2021 Nov 23.
Most primate populations are declining; 60% of species face extinction. The expansion of transportation and service corridors (T&S) (i.e., roads and railways and utility and service lines) poses a significant yet underappreciated threat. With the development of T&S corridors predicted to increase across primates' ranges, it is necessary to understand the current extent of its impacts on primates, the available options to mitigate these effectively, and recognize research and knowledge gaps. By employing a systematic search approach to identify literature that described the relationship between primates and T&S corridors, we extracted information from 327 studies published between 1980 and 2020. Our results revealed that 218 species and subspecies across 62 genera are affected, significantly more than the 92 listed by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The majority of studies took place in Asia (45%), followed by mainland Africa (31%), the Neotropics (22%), and Madagascar (2%). Brazil, Indonesia, Equatorial Guinea, Vietnam, and Madagascar contained the greatest number of affected primate species. Asia featured the highest number of species affected by roads, electrical transmission lines, and pipelines and the only studies addressing the impact of rail and aerial tramways on primates. The impact of seismic lines only emerged in the literature from Africa and the Neotropics. Impacts are diverse and multifaceted, for example, animal-vehicle collisions, electrocutions, habitat loss and fragmentation, impeded movement and genetic exchange, behavioral changes, exposure to pollution, and mortality associated with hunting. Although several mitigation measures were recommended, only 41% of studies focused on their implementation, whereas only 29% evaluated their effectiveness. Finally, there was a clear bias in the species and regions benefiting from research on this topic. We recommend that government and conservation bodies recognize T&S corridors as a serious and mounting threat to primates and that further research in this area is encouraged.
大多数灵长类动物种群数量正在下降；60%的物种面临灭绝。交通与服务走廊（即道路、铁路、公用事业和服务线路）的扩张构成了重大但未得到充分认识的威胁。随着交通与服务走廊预计在灵长类动物分布范围内不断增加，有必要了解其目前对灵长类动物的影响程度、有效缓解这些影响的可用选项，并认识到研究和知识空白。通过采用系统的搜索方法来识别描述灵长类动物与交通与服务走廊之间关系的文献，我们从1980年至2020年发表的327项研究中提取了信息。我们的结果显示，62个属的218个物种和亚种受到影响，这一数量显著多于国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录列出的92种。大多数研究在亚洲进行（45%），其次是非洲大陆（31%）、新热带地区（22%）和马达加斯加（2%）。巴西、印度尼西亚、赤道几内亚、越南和马达加斯加受影响的灵长类物种数量最多。亚洲受道路、输电线路和管道影响的物种数量最多，并且是唯一有研究探讨铁路和架空缆车对灵长类动物影响的地区。地震勘探线的影响仅在非洲和新热带地区的文献中出现。影响是多样且多方面的，例如动物与车辆碰撞、触电、栖息地丧失和破碎化、移动和基因交流受阻、行为变化、接触污染以及与狩猎相关的死亡。尽管推荐了几种缓解措施，但只有41%的研究关注其实施情况，而只有2�%评估了其有效性。最后，在受益于该主题研究的物种和地区方面存在明显偏差。我们建议政府和保护机构认识到交通与服务走廊对灵长类动物是一个严重且日益加剧的威胁，并鼓励在该领域进行进一步研究。
