Jindal Monique, Mistry Kamila B, Trent Maria, McRae Ashlyn, Thornton Rachel L J
Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Office of Extramural Research, Education, and Priority Populations, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland.
JAMA Pediatr. 2022 Jan 1;176(1):78-88. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2929.
Black youth in the US experience disproportionate contact with police even when accounting for criminal or delinquent behavior, which some experts say is fueled by racism and discrimination. While the literature supports the link between racism and adverse health outcomes, less is known about the impact of policing on the well-being of Black youth.
To systematically review the literature describing the association between police exposure and health outcomes for Black youth 26 years and younger.
A search of PubMed, Embase, Criminal Justice Abstracts, PsycInfo, and Web of Science was conducted. Eligible studies included original peer-reviewed research published from 1980 to December 2020, with a participant population of Black youth, a focus on police exposure, and health as the outcome. Additional articles were identified by hand-searching reference lists of included studies. Data extraction was performed, followed by critical appraisal of all included studies using a convergent segregated approach in which quantitative and qualitative studies were synthesized separately followed by an overarching synthesis across methods.
A total of 16 quantitative studies including 19 493 participants were included in the review and demonstrated an association between police exposure and adverse mental health, sexual risk behaviors, and substance use. A total of 13 qualitative studies including 461 participants were included in the review, which corroborated and contextualized the quantitative evidence and provided additional health outcomes, such as fear for life or hopelessness.
Evidence shows that police exposures are associated with adverse health outcomes for Black youth. Clinicians, scientists, public health practitioners, and policy makers can partner with local governments to enact reforms that mitigate the health impact of policing on youth.
美国黑人青年与警察的接触比例过高，即便考虑到犯罪或违法行为也是如此，一些专家表示这是由种族主义和歧视所推动的。虽然文献支持种族主义与不良健康结果之间的联系，但对于警务工作对黑人青年福祉的影响却知之甚少。
系统回顾描述26岁及以下黑人青年与警察接触情况和健康结果之间关联的文献。
检索了PubMed、Embase、刑事司法摘要数据库、心理学文摘数据库和科学网。符合条件的研究包括1980年至2020年12月发表的经同行评审的原创研究，研究对象为黑人青年，重点是与警察的接触情况，且以健康为结果指标。通过手工检索纳入研究的参考文献列表来识别其他文章。进行了数据提取，随后使用收敛性分离方法对所有纳入研究进行严格评价，即分别综合定量和定性研究，然后跨方法进行总体综合。
该综述共纳入16项定量研究，包括19493名参与者，这些研究表明与警察的接触情况与不良心理健康、性风险行为和物质使用之间存在关联。该综述共纳入13项定性研究，包括461名参与者，这些研究证实并结合了定量证据，并提供了其他健康结果，如对生命的恐惧或绝望。
有证据表明，与警察的接触情况与黑人青年的不良健康结果相关。临床医生、科学家、公共卫生从业者和政策制定者可以与地方政府合作，实施改革，以减轻警务工作对青年健康的影响。
