Villanova University, Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, United States of America; University of Rhode Island, College of Nursing, Research Fellow, United States of America.
Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson College of Nursing, United States of America.
Early Hum Dev. 2021 Nov;162:105458. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105458. Epub 2021 Sep 1.
The preterm birth rate in the United States is 10%, with 8% being born between 36 and 32 weeks of gestation, and the remaining 2% born less than 31 weeks of gestation. The global preterm birth rate varies from 5% to 18%, with varying survival rates. These percentages signify a population of people that will receive health care across the life course without ever being asked about a preterm birth history. With a steady rise in the survival rate of preterm infants being discharged home from the neonatal intensive care unit, with limited referrals for neonatal or developmental follow up, it is essential adult care providers ask the right questions and identify risk factors for this vulnerable population. This review describes the recently published, evidence-based recommendations for addressing preterm history across the life course. A robust review of the literature has demonstrated that the long-term sequelae of being born preterm can adversely affect health and quality of life. The following will offer preterm birth history recommendations based on assessment and diagnosis, prevention and management and referral and treatment. The goal of the recommendations is to create awareness among adult health providers in acknowledging a past medical history of preterm birth and providing appropriate preventive care, therefore shifting the paradigm of care from reactive intervention to proactive care.
美国的早产率为 10%，其中 8%出生于 36 至 32 周妊娠之间，其余 2%出生于 31 周妊娠之前。全球早产率在 5%至 18%之间不等，存活率也有所不同。这些百分比意味着在整个生命过程中，将有一群人需要接受医疗保健，但他们从未被问及早产史。随着早产儿从新生儿重症监护病房出院回家的存活率稳步上升，新生儿或发育随访的转介却很有限，因此，成人护理提供者必须提出正确的问题，并确定这一脆弱人群的风险因素。这篇综述描述了最近发布的针对整个生命过程中早产史的循证建议。对文献的深入回顾表明，早产出生的长期后果会对健康和生活质量产生不利影响。以下内容将根据评估和诊断、预防和管理以及转介和治疗，提供有关早产史的建议。这些建议的目的是提高成人健康提供者对过去早产病史的认识，并提供适当的预防保健，从而将护理模式从被动干预转变为主动护理。
