Mainland Hospital, Yaba, Nigeria.
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, Nigeria.
Niger Postgrad Med J. 2021 Apr-Jun;28(2):75-80. doi: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_547_21.
A lot has been documented about the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared the clinical features of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 positive and negative patients admitted in Lagos State.
Medical records of all patients admitted in 15 isolation centres across Lagos state between 27 February 2020 and 30 September 2020, were abstracted and reviewed. We compared the clinical features, co-morbidities and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 positive and negative patients.
A total of 3157 records of patients admitted in 15 isolation centres in Lagos State were reviewed of which 302 (9.6%) tested negative to RT-PCR COVID-19. There was no gender difference between COVID-19 positive and negative patients (P = 0.687). The average age of the negative patients was higher (46.8 ± 18.3 years) than positive patients (41.9 ± 15.5 years) (P < 0.001). A higher proportion of the COVID-19 negative patients had co-morbidity (38.1% vs. 27.8%), were symptomatic (67.5% vs. 44.6%) and higher mortality (21.9% vs. 6.6%) than positive patients (P < 0.001). The percentages with hypertension (26.2% vs. 21.0%, P = 0.038), diabetes (17.2% vs. 9.4%, P < 0.001), cardiovascular disease (2.3% vs. 0.9%, P < 0.029) and cancer (2.3% vs. 0.5%, P < 0.002) were more among patients without COVID-19. More patients without COVID-19 presented with fever (36.1% vs. 18.8%), cough (33.7% vs. 23.1%) and breathlessness (40.8% vs. 16.1%) than the positive patients (P < 0.001).
Anosmia and dysgeusia were strongly associated with COVID-19. Clinical decision-making should only be used to prioritise testing and isolation of patients suspected to have COVID-19, especially in settings with limited access to diagnostic kits.
大量文献记录了 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的病理生理学和临床表现。我们比较了在拉各斯州确诊的实时逆转录酶聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）阳性和阴性患者的临床特征。
我们对 2020 年 2 月 27 日至 2020 年 9 月 30 日期间在拉各斯州 15 个隔离中心入院的所有患者的病历进行了摘录和审查。我们比较了 COVID-19 阳性和阴性患者的临床特征、合并症和临床结局。
共审查了拉各斯州 15 个隔离中心 3157 例患者的记录，其中 302 例（9.6%）RT-PCR COVID-19 检测为阴性。COVID-19 阳性和阴性患者的性别无差异（P=0.687）。阴性患者的平均年龄较高（46.8±18.3 岁），阳性患者的平均年龄较低（41.9±15.5 岁）（P<0.001）。阴性患者的合并症比例较高（38.1%比 27.8%），症状更明显（67.5%比 44.6%），死亡率更高（21.9%比 6.6%）（P<0.001）。高血压（26.2%比 21.0%，P=0.038）、糖尿病（17.2%比 9.4%，P<0.001）、心血管疾病（2.3%比 0.9%，P<0.029）和癌症（2.3%比 0.5%，P<0.002）在无 COVID-19 患者中更为常见。无 COVID-19 的患者发热（36.1%比 18.8%）、咳嗽（33.7%比 23.1%）和呼吸困难（40.8%比 16.1%）的比例高于阳性患者（P<0.001）。
嗅觉和味觉障碍与 COVID-19 密切相关。临床决策应仅用于优先对疑似 COVID-19 患者进行检测和隔离，尤其是在诊断工具有限的情况下。
