Sun Wan, Liu Su-Jun, Feng Jian-Chao, Wang Peng-Tao, Ma Dong-Yun, Xie Ying-Xin, Lu Hong-Fang, Wang Chen-Yang
National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2020 Aug;31(8):2583-2592. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202008.023.
To provide basis for high-yield and high-efficiency of wheat production, with two wheat cultivars, 'Zhengmai 366' (strong gluten) and 'Bainong 207' (medium gluten), we investigated the effects of four nitrogen source types, ammonium chloride (NT), calcium nitrate (NT), urea (NT) and calcium ammonium nitrate (NT), applied under two water treatments, no irrigation (W) and irrigation at jointing and heading stages (W), on soil N-supplying capacity, grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency. The results showed that content of soil ammonium and nitrate at flowering stage decreased with increasing soil depths. Compared with the corresponding value of 'Zhengmai 366' under W treatment, W treatment decreased the contents of soil ammonium and nitrate in the 0-60 cm layer, and enzymes activities of urease, invertase and catalase by 10.0%, 13.3%, 7.5%, 2.8%, and 3.9%, respectively. For the two wheat cultivars, the content of ammo-nium was significantly higher under NT and NT treatments than that of others, while the content of nitrate under NT and NT treatments was significantly higher than that of others. Additionally, NT and NT treatments increased soil urease and invertase activities at the middle and later stages of grain filling. Compared with NT treatment, NT and NT fertilization increased grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of cultivar 'Zhengmai 366' by 14.9% and 20.7%, 25.6% and 13.9%, under W treatment, respectively. Soil nitrate content in the 0-20 cm layer and the ammonium content in the 20-40 cm layer were positively correlated with wheat grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency. Under both water conditions, applying urea and calcium ammonium nitrate improved soil enzyme activity at the middle and later stages of grain filling, which was beneficial for wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
为给小麦高产高效生产提供依据，以两个小麦品种“郑麦366”（强筋）和“百农207”（中筋）为材料，研究了氯化铵（NT）、硝酸钙（NT）、尿素（NT）和硝酸铵钙（NT）4种氮源类型，在不灌溉（W）和拔节期与抽穗期灌溉（W）两种水分处理下，对土壤供氮能力、籽粒产量及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明，开花期土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量随土层深度增加而降低。与W处理下“郑麦366”的相应值相比，W处理使0-60 cm土层土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量以及脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别降低了10.0%、13.3%、7.5%、2.8%和3.9%。对于两个小麦品种，NT和NT处理下铵态氮含量显著高于其他处理，而NT和NT处理下硝态氮含量显著高于其他处理。此外，NT和NT处理提高了籽粒灌浆中后期土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性。与NT处理相比，NT和NT施肥使W处理下“郑麦366”品种的籽粒产量和氮素利用效率分别提高了14.9%和20.7%、25.6%和13.9%。0-20 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量和20-40 cm土层铵态氮含量与小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用效率呈正相关。在两种水分条件下，施用尿素和硝酸铵钙均提高了籽粒灌浆中后期土壤酶活性，有利于小麦产量和氮素利用效率。
