Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1325:137-149. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_6.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a generic term for any vesicles or particles that are released from cells, play an important role in modulating numerous biological and pathological events, including development, differentiation, aging, thrombus formation, immune responses, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumor progression. During the biogenesis of EVs, they encapsulate biologically active macromolecules (i.e., nucleotides and proteins) and transmit signals for delivering them to neighboring or cells that are located some distance away. In contrast, there are receptor molecules on the surface of EVs that function to mediate EV-to-cell and EV-to-matrix interactions. A growing body of evidence indicates that the EV surface is heavily modified with glycans, the function of which is to regulate the biogenesis and extracellular behaviors of EVs. In this chapter, we introduce the current status of our knowledge concerning EV glycosylation and discuss how it influences EV biology, highlighting the potential roles of EV glycans in clinical applications.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是指从细胞中释放出来的任何囊泡或颗粒的通用术语，在调节许多生物和病理事件中发挥着重要作用，包括发育、分化、衰老、血栓形成、免疫反应、神经退行性疾病和肿瘤进展。在 EVs 的生物发生过程中，它们会包裹具有生物活性的大分子（即核苷酸和蛋白质），并传递信号将其递送至邻近细胞或远处的细胞。相比之下，EVs 表面有受体分子，其功能是介导 EV 与细胞和 EV 与基质的相互作用。越来越多的证据表明，EV 表面糖基化程度很高，其功能是调节 EV 的生物发生和细胞外行为。在本章中，我们介绍了有关 EV 糖基化的现有知识状况，并讨论了它如何影响 EV 生物学，强调了 EV 糖基在临床应用中的潜在作用。
