Lin Qing-Feng, Lyu Yang, Zhang Ke-Fei, Ma Xiao-Wei
School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2021;22(8):629-633. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1969373. Epub 2021 Sep 8.
At conditionally automated driving, the driver can temporarily engage in non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). However, they must safely take over control when the automated driving system reaches its operation limit. Thus, understanding the effects of the NDRTs on driver take-over performance is essential. The present work investigates the effects of various NDRTs on motor readiness in take-over scenarios during conditionally automated driving.
Three driving simulator studies were conducted. 48, 49, and 22 participants were recruited in three experiments, respectively. The participants were distracted by different NDRTs (everyday task in Experiment 1, arrow task in Experiment 2, and SuRT in Experiment 3) on a tablet mounted in the vehicle. The everyday task included reading the news and watching a video, and the arrow task included a set of arrow matrices presented to the participants in sequence. The time budgets in Experiment 1 included 3 s, 4 s, and 5 s, and the time budgets in Experiment 2 and 3 included 5 s and 7 s. A take-over request (TOR) warning was issued in the automated driving condition when the participants encountered a broken-down car in front. The participants must regain control of the vehicle with the given time budget. The hands-on time was evaluated, measuring the time from the TOR until the hands touch the steering wheel.
The task (arrow task and SuRT), time budget (5 s and 7 s), and gender did not affect the hands-on time. However, the hands-on time for the drivers with the everyday task was significantly shorter than that for the drivers with the arrow task in the 5 s time budget.
In conditionally automated driving, the arrow task and SuRT imposed a similar workload on readiness to take over control. Compared to the everyday task, the engagement in the arrow tasks consumed more workload on readiness to take over control.
在有条件自动驾驶状态下，驾驶员可临时从事与驾驶无关的任务（NDRTs）。然而，当自动驾驶系统达到其运行极限时，他们必须安全地接管控制权。因此，了解NDRTs对驾驶员接管性能的影响至关重要。本研究调查了在有条件自动驾驶期间，各种NDRTs对接管场景中运动准备状态的影响。
进行了三项驾驶模拟器研究。三项实验分别招募了48名、49名和22名参与者。参与者在安装于车辆中的平板电脑上被不同的NDRTs（实验1中的日常任务、实验2中的箭头任务和实验3中的SuRT）分散注意力。日常任务包括阅读新闻和观看视频，箭头任务包括向参与者依次呈现的一组箭头矩阵。实验1中的时间预算包括3秒、4秒和5秒，实验2和3中的时间预算包括5秒和7秒。在自动驾驶状态下，当参与者遇到前方有故障车辆时，会发出接管请求（TOR）警告。参与者必须在给定的时间预算内重新控制车辆。评估动手时间，即测量从TOR发出到双手接触方向盘的时间。
任务（箭头任务和SuRT）、时间预算（5秒和7秒）和性别均未影响动手时间。然而，在5秒时间预算下，从事日常任务的驾驶员的动手时间明显短于从事箭头任务的驾驶员。
在有条件自动驾驶中，箭头任务和SuRT对接管控制的准备状态施加了相似的工作量。与日常任务相比，参与箭头任务在接管控制的准备状态上消耗了更多的工作量。
