Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Paulínia, São Paulo, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2021 Sep 8;16(9):e0240946. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240946. eCollection 2021.
Extreme environments Morrope and Bayovar Salt lagoons, several ecosystems and microhabitats remain unexplored, and little is known about the diversity of Actinobacteria. We suggest that the endemic bacteria present in this extreme environment is a source of active molecules with anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic properties. Using phenotypic and genotypic characterization techniques, including 16S rRNA sequencing, we identified these bacteria as members of the genera Streptomyces, Pseudonocardia, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. Actinobacteria strains were found predominantly. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 13 Actinobacteria clusters of Streptomyces, the main genus. Three Streptomycetes, strains MW562814, MW562805, and MW562807 showed antiproliferative activities against three tumor cell lines: U251 glioma, MCF7 breast, and NCI-H460 lung (non-small cell type); and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, and the multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii AC-972. The antiproliferative activities (measured as total growth inhibition [TGI]) of Streptomyces sp. MW562807 were 0.57 μg/mL, for 0.61 μg/mL, and 0.80 μg/mL for glioma, lung non-small cell type, and breast cancer cell lines, respectively; the methanolic fraction of the crude extract showed a better antiproliferative activity and could inhibit the growth of (U251 (TGI = 38.3 μg/mL), OVCAR-03 (TGI = 62.1 μg/mL), and K562 (TGI = 81.5 μg/mL)) of nine tumor cells types and one nontumor cell type. Extreme enviroments, such as the Morrope and Bayovar Salt saloons are promising sources of new bacteria, whose compounds may be useful for treating various infectious diseases or even some types of cancer.
极端环境 莫罗佩和巴亚瓦尔盐沼仍有多个生态系统和小生境尚未被探索，放线菌的多样性也知之甚少。我们推测，这种极端环境中存在的特有细菌是具有抗癌、抗菌和抗寄生虫特性的活性分子的来源。我们使用表型和基因型特征分析技术，包括 16S rRNA 测序，将这些细菌鉴定为链霉菌属、拟诺卡氏菌属、葡萄球菌属、芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属的成员。主要发现的是放线菌菌株。系统发育分析显示，有 13 个链霉菌属的放线菌聚类，是主要属。三种链霉菌 MW562814、MW562805 和 MW562807 对三种肿瘤细胞系（U251 神经胶质瘤、MCF7 乳腺癌和 NCI-H460 非小细胞肺癌）和金黄色葡萄球菌 ATCC 6538、大肠杆菌 ATCC 10536 和多药耐药鲍曼不动杆菌 AC-972 表现出抗增殖活性和抗菌活性。MW562807 号链霉菌的抗增殖活性（以总生长抑制[TGI]测量）分别为 0.57μg/mL、0.61μg/mL 和 0.80μg/mL，对神经胶质瘤、非小细胞肺癌和乳腺癌细胞系；粗提物的甲醇部分显示出更好的抗增殖活性，可抑制 9 种肿瘤细胞类型和 1 种非肿瘤细胞类型的生长（U251（TGI=38.3μg/mL）、OVCAR-03（TGI=62.1μg/mL）和 K562（TGI=81.5μg/mL））。莫罗佩和巴亚瓦尔盐沼等极端环境是新细菌的有前途的来源，其化合物可能对治疗各种传染病甚至某些类型的癌症有用。
