Centre for Addictive Behaviour Research, Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, UK.
Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Harm Reduct J. 2021 Sep 8;18(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12954-021-00540-1.
Health messages on e-cigarette packs emphasise nicotine addiction or harms using similar wording to warnings on cigarette packs. These may not be appropriate for e-cigarettes which constitute a reduced risk alternative for smokers. This research aimed to (1) develop and test a selection of relative risk messages for e-cigarette products; (2) compare these to the two current EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) nicotine addiction messages; and (3) explore differences between smokers, non-smokers and dual users.
Twenty-six messages focusing on either harm-reduction or cessation were developed and rated by multidisciplinary experts for accuracy, persuasiveness and clarity. The eight highest ranking messages were compared alongside the TPD messages in a sample of 983 European residents (316 smokers, 327 non-smokers, 340 dual users) on understandability, believability and convincingness.
On all three constructs combined, the two TPD messages rated the highest, closely followed by four relative risk messages "Completely switching to e-cigarettes lowers your risk of smoking related diseases", "Use of this product is much less harmful than smoking", "Completely switching to e-cigarettes is a healthier alternative to smoking", and "This product presents substantially lower risks to health than cigarettes" which did not differ statistically from the TPD messages. Non-smokers rated TPD1 significantly higher overall than dual users. Dual users rated "This product is a safer alternative to smoking" significantly higher than non-smokers. Messages did not differ on understandability.
These alternative messages provide a useful resource for future research and for policy makers considering updating e-cigarette product labelling.
电子烟包装上的健康信息强调尼古丁成瘾或危害，使用的措辞与香烟包装上的警告类似。然而，这些信息可能并不适用于电子烟，因为电子烟对吸烟者来说是一种降低风险的替代品。本研究旨在：(1) 为电子烟产品开发和测试一系列相对风险信息；(2) 将这些信息与欧盟烟草产品指令（TPD）目前的两个尼古丁成瘾信息进行比较；(3) 探讨吸烟者、非吸烟者和双重使用者之间的差异。
开发了 26 条重点关注减少危害或戒烟的信息，并由多学科专家对其准确性、说服力和清晰度进行了评估。在一个由 983 名欧洲居民（316 名吸烟者、327 名非吸烟者、340 名双重使用者）组成的样本中，对这八个排名最高的信息与 TPD 信息进行了理解度、可信度和说服力的比较。
在所有三个综合指标上，两个 TPD 信息的评分最高，紧随其后的是四个相对风险信息，分别是“完全改用电子烟会降低与吸烟相关的疾病风险”、“使用本产品比吸烟危害小得多”、“完全改用电子烟是比吸烟更健康的选择”和“本产品比香烟对健康的风险低得多”，这四个信息与 TPD 信息在统计学上没有差异。非吸烟者对 TPD1 的总体评价明显高于双重使用者。双重使用者对“本产品是比吸烟更安全的替代品”的评价明显高于非吸烟者。信息在理解度方面没有差异。
这些替代信息为未来的研究和考虑更新电子烟产品标签的政策制定者提供了有用的资源。
