Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, and the Graduate Center, City University of New York.
Perspect Psychol Sci. 2021 Sep;16(5):1024-1036. doi: 10.1177/17456916211011963.
Secondary microaggressions refer to the ways in which people of historically dominant groups negate the realities of people of marginalized groups. describes the act of manipulating others to doubt themselves or question their own sanity; people confronted for committing microaggressions deny the existence of their biases, often convincing the targets of microaggressions to question their own perceptions. (derived from mansplaining/Whitesplaining) is an act in which a person of a dominant group speaks for or provides rationale to people of marginalized groups about topics related to oppression or inequity. refers to assigning fault to people who experience violence or wrongdoing and is used as a tool to discredit people of marginalized groups who speak out against microaggressions or any injustices. Finally, abandonment and neglect refer to a bystander's failure to address or acknowledge microaggressions. Although these terms are commonly known among marginalized communities (and frequently used in popular media), there is a dearth in academic literature that substantiates these phenomena and relates them to microaggressions. The purpose of this article is to review these concepts in the psychological literature and to demonstrate the psychological harm caused by these behaviors on interpersonal and systemic levels.
二级微侵犯是指历史上占主导地位的群体否定边缘化群体的现实的方式。微侵犯是指操纵他人怀疑自己或质疑自己理智的行为；被指控犯有微侵犯的人否认自己存在偏见，往往让微侵犯的目标质疑自己的感知。（源自男性特权/白人特权）是指一个占主导地位的群体的人代表或为边缘化群体的人提供有关压迫或不平等相关主题的理由。指责是指将过错归咎于遭受暴力或不当行为的人，并被用作诋毁站出来反对微侵犯或任何不公正行为的边缘化群体的工具。最后，遗弃和忽视是指旁观者未能解决或承认微侵犯。尽管这些术语在边缘化社区中广为人知（并经常在大众媒体中使用），但在学术文献中，这些现象并没有得到证实，也没有将其与微侵犯联系起来。本文的目的是在心理学文献中回顾这些概念，并展示这些行为在人际和系统层面上造成的心理伤害。
