Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University "Ss Cyril and Methodius", 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia.
College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Molecules. 2021 Aug 27;26(17):5202. doi: 10.3390/molecules26175202.
A new category of commercial bulk fill composite resins (CRs) enables the placement of 4-mm-thick layers as an alternative to the traditional time-consuming incremental technique. The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficiency of the polymerization, adaptation and porosity of two high-viscosity 'sculptable' bulk fill CRs (Filtek™ Bulk Fill (3M™ ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schwan, Liechtenstein)) and two low-viscosity 'flowable' bulk fill CRs (SureFil SDR™ flow (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA) and Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein)). Cylindrical samples of the bulk fill CRs (4 mm height × 10 mm diameter) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, occlusal cavities were prepared in twelve extracted human molars and restored with the bulk fill CRs ( = 3 for each CR). The adaptation and porosity of the bulk fill CRs were evaluated by X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) with a 3D morphometric analysis, and the adaptation was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on longitudinal vestibulo-oral sections of the restored teeth. The AFM analysis demonstrated that the surface roughness of the SureFil SDR™ flow was higher than that of the Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill and that the surface roughness of Filtek™ Bulk Fill was higher than that of Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill. µCT and SEM confirmed that the flowable bulk fill CRs had excellent adaptation to the cavity walls. The 3D morphometric analysis showed the highest and lowest degrees of porosity in Filtek™ Bulk Fill and Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill, respectively. In general, the flowable bulk fill CRs exhibited better adaptation, a higher efficiency of polymerization and lower porosity than the sculptable materials.
一种新型商用块状充填复合树脂（CR）可替代传统耗时的增量技术，实现 4mm 厚层的放置。本研究旨在比较两种高粘度“可塑”块状充填 CR（Filtek™ Bulk Fill（3M™ ESPE，明尼苏达州圣保罗）和 Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill（Ivoclar Vivadent AG，列支敦士登沙安））和两种低粘度“流动性”块状充填 CR（SureFil SDR™ flow（登士柏西诺德，北卡罗来纳州夏洛特）和 Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill（Ivoclar Vivadent AG，列支敦士登沙安））的聚合、适应和孔隙率的效率。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和原子力显微镜（AFM）分析块状充填 CR 的圆柱形样本。此外，在 12 个人类磨牙中制备了咬合腔，并使用块状充填 CR 进行修复（每个 CR 为 3 个）。通过 X 射线微计算机断层扫描（µCT）和三维形态计量分析评估块状充填 CR 的适应性和孔隙率，并通过对修复牙齿的纵向颊腭剖面进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析评估适应性。AFM 分析表明，SureFil SDR™ flow 的表面粗糙度高于 Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill，Filtek™ Bulk Fill 的表面粗糙度高于 Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill。µCT 和 SEM 证实，流动性块状充填 CR 对腔壁具有良好的适应性。三维形态计量分析显示，Filtek™ Bulk Fill 和 Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill 的孔隙率最高和最低。总体而言，流动性块状充填 CR 的适应性、聚合效率更高，孔隙率更低。
