Piotrowska Katarzyna, Piasecka Izabela
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Aug 31;14(17):4975. doi: 10.3390/ma14174975.
Wind power plants during generation of electricity emit almost no detrimental substances into the milieu. Nonetheless, the procedure of extraction of raw materials, production of elements and post-use management carry many negative environmental consequences. Wind power plant blades are mainly made of polymer materials, which cause a number of problems during post-use management. Controlling the system and the environment means such a transformation of their inputs in time that will ensure the achievement of the goal of this system or the state of the environment. Transformations of control of system and environment inputs, for example, blades production, are describing various models which in the research methodology, like LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), LCM (Life Cycle Management), LCI (Life Cycle Inventory), etc. require meticulous grouping and weighing of life cycle variables of polymer materials. The research hypothesis was assuming, in this paper, that the individual post-production waste of wind power plant blades is characterized by a different potential impact on the environment. For this reason, the aim of this publication is to conduct an ecological and energy life cycle analysis, evaluation, steering towards minimization and development (positive progress) of selected polymer waste produced during the manufacture of wind power plant blades. The analyzes were based on the LCA method. The subject of the research was eight types of waste (fiberglass mat, roving fabric, resin discs, distribution hoses, spiral hoses with resin, vacuum bag film, infusion materials residues and surplus mater), which are most often produced during the production of blades. Eco-indicator 99 and CED (Cumulative Energy Demand) were used as the computation procedures. The influence of the analyzed objects on human health, ecosystem quality and resources was appraised. Amidst the considered wastes, the highest level of depreciating impact on the milieu was found in the life cycle of resin discs (made of epoxy resin). The application of recycling processes would decrease the depreciating environmental influence in the context of the total life cycle of all analyzed waste. Based on the outcome of the analyzes, recommendations were proposed for the environmentally friendly post-use management of wind power plant blades, that can be used to develop new blade manufacturing techniques that better fit in with sustainable development and the closed-cycle economy.
风力发电厂在发电过程中几乎不会向环境中排放有害物质。然而，原材料提取、零部件生产及使用后管理过程会带来诸多负面环境影响。风力发电厂叶片主要由聚合物材料制成，这在使用后管理过程中会引发一系列问题。控制系统和环境意味着及时对其输入进行这样一种转变，即确保实现该系统的目标或环境状态。系统和环境输入控制的转变，例如叶片生产，正在描述各种模型，在研究方法中，如生命周期评估（LCA）、生命周期管理（LCM）、生命周期清单（LCI）等，需要对聚合物材料的生命周期变量进行细致分组和权衡。本文的研究假设是，风力发电厂叶片的各个生产后废弃物对环境具有不同的潜在影响。因此，本出版物的目的是对风力发电厂叶片制造过程中产生的选定聚合物废弃物进行生态和能源生命周期分析、评估、引导其最小化及发展（积极进展）。这些分析基于生命周期评估方法。研究对象是叶片生产过程中最常产生的八种废弃物（玻璃纤维毡、粗纱织物、树脂圆盘、分配软管、带树脂的螺旋软管、真空袋薄膜、灌注材料残渣和多余材料）。采用生态指标99和累积能源需求（CED）作为计算程序。评估了分析对象对人类健康、生态系统质量和资源的影响。在所考虑的废弃物中，发现树脂圆盘（由环氧树脂制成）的生命周期对环境的贬值影响程度最高。回收工艺的应用将在所有分析废弃物的整个生命周期背景下降低对环境的贬值影响。基于分析结果，针对风力发电厂叶片提出了环境友好型使用后管理建议，可用于开发更符合可持续发展和闭环经济的新型叶片制造技术。
