Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia.
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 27;18(17):9030. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18179030.
This study investigated the associations between employment transitions and psychological distress among a cohort of 45 years and older Australians. This study was based on the 45 and Up Study, a large prospective cohort of participants aged 45 years and older (N = 267,153), followed up over the period 2006-2015. The risk of psychological distress was compared between various employment transitions categories by specifying an ordered logistic regression model adjusting for confounders. Compared to participants who remained employed at baseline and follow-up, higher psychological distress was found among those who transitioned from being employed to unemployed (OR = 2.68, 95%CI 2.13-3.33) and to not being in the labour force or retired (OR = 2.21, 95%CI 1.85-2.62). Higher psychological distress was also evident among those who remained unemployed from baseline to follow-up (OR = 2.00, 95%CI 1.10-3.43), and those who transitioned from being retired to being unemployed (OR = 1.55, 95%CI 1.03-2.27). Conversely, lower psychological distress was found among those who transitioned from being unemployed to being employed (OR = 0.35, 95%CI 0.25-0.51). In general, lower psychological distress was found among 'positive' employment transitions (transitioning to being employed or retired). Policies focussing on re-employment in older age, as well as unemployment schemes, might be helpful in reducing psychological distress among middle- and old-age Australians.
本研究调查了 45 岁及以上澳大利亚人群中就业转型与心理困扰之间的关联。该研究基于 45 岁及以上研究，这是一项针对年龄在 45 岁及以上的参与者（N=267153）的大型前瞻性队列研究，随访时间为 2006-2015 年。通过指定有序逻辑回归模型并调整混杂因素，比较了各种就业转型类别的心理困扰风险。与在基线和随访时仍保持就业的参与者相比，从就业转为失业（OR=2.68，95%CI 2.13-3.33）和不参与劳动力或退休（OR=2.21，95%CI 1.85-2.62）的人群心理困扰更高。从基线到随访期间一直失业的人群（OR=2.00，95%CI 1.10-3.43）以及从退休转为失业的人群（OR=1.55，95%CI 1.03-2.27）的心理困扰也明显更高。相反，从失业转为就业的人群（OR=0.35，95%CI 0.25-0.51）的心理困扰较低。总的来说，“积极”的就业转型（转为就业或退休）与较低的心理困扰相关。关注中老年再就业以及失业计划的政策可能有助于减轻澳大利亚中老年人群的心理困扰。
