Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Psychiatry Res. 2011 Dec 30;190(2-3):265-70. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.07.037. Epub 2011 Sep 3.
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of work-related factors on risk for completed suicide. Psychiatric disorders and socio-demographic factors including work-related factors were assessed by a semi-structured interview using the psychological autopsy method in 163 completed suicide cases and by personal interview in 396 living population-based control persons. Unemployment (in particular, for more than six months), (early) retirement, or homemaker status were associated with highly significantly increased suicide risk, independently of categorized psychiatric diagnosis. In addition, adverse psychosocial working conditions, such as monotonous work, increased responsibility and pronounced mental strain due to contact with work clients, significantly increased suicide risk as well, again independently of categorized psychiatric diagnosis. These findings demonstrate that negative consequences of unemployment, homemaker status with no outside occupation, or (early) retirement, as well as adverse psychosocial working conditions, present relevant risk factors contributing to suicidal behavior, independently of diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Employment and a positive modification of working conditions, may possibly be preventive to important adverse mental health outcomes, including suicidality.
本研究旨在确定与工作相关的因素对自杀完成的风险的影响。通过使用心理解剖方法对 163 例自杀完成病例和 396 例基于人群的存活对照者进行半结构化访谈，评估了精神障碍和社会人口学因素（包括与工作相关的因素）。失业（特别是失业超过 6 个月）、（提前）退休或家庭主妇状态与自杀风险显著增加相关，与分类的精神诊断无关。此外，单调的工作、因与工作客户接触而增加的责任和明显的精神压力等不良的心理社会工作条件也显著增加了自杀风险，同样与分类的精神诊断无关。这些发现表明，失业、无外部职业的家庭主妇状态或（提前）退休的负面影响，以及不良的心理社会工作条件，是导致自杀行为的相关风险因素，与已诊断的精神障碍无关。就业和工作条件的积极改善可能对包括自杀在内的重要心理健康不良后果具有预防作用。
