Department of Hydrology, Meteorology and Water Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
PLoS One. 2021 Sep 10;16(9):e0255755. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255755. eCollection 2021.
River embankments are the basic and the oldest measures of protecting areas potentially subjected to flooding, and at the same time pose a serious threat to their environment in the event of damage or failure. The technical condition of the levees and its regular evaluation is a key element of their safety. A general assessment of the technical condition of a levee is the result of many interacting factors and parameters that depend on each other to a varying degree. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the cause-and-effect links between the interrelationships of numerous parameters and sensors of significant impact. In this article the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method was applied to develop a cause-and-effect model for factors impacting the condition and safety of levees. Effective factors impacting the technical condition of a levee were identified; relationships between these factors were determined; a cause-and-effect model was developed based on identified factors; factors were categorized based on the dependence scale and influential indicators of each factors used in the DEMATEL method. The obtained results demonstrate that three following factors: hydrological factor, type and condition of soils in levee body and condition of levee areas (inter-levee and landside) play the most important role for levee safety. The results of this study can support traditional assessments of hydrotechnical structure or assist entities managing levees.
堤岸是保护易受洪水影响地区的基本且最古老的措施，但在发生损坏或失效时，它们也会对其环境构成严重威胁。堤防的技术状况及其定期评估是其安全性的关键要素。堤防技术状况的总体评估是许多相互作用的因素和参数的结果，这些因素和参数在不同程度上相互依赖。因此，有必要考虑众多参数和具有重大影响的传感器之间相互关系的因果关系。本文应用决策试验和评价实验室（DEMATEL）方法，制定了一个影响堤防状况和安全的因素的因果模型。确定了影响堤防技术状况的有效因素；确定了这些因素之间的关系；根据确定的因素，基于识别的因素，开发了一个因果模型；根据 DEMATEL 方法中使用的每个因素的依赖度和影响指标，对因素进行了分类。得出的结果表明，以下三个因素：水文因素、堤防体中土壤的类型和状况以及堤防区域（堤间和堤岸）的状况，对堤防安全起着最重要的作用。本研究的结果可以支持对水工结构的传统评估，或有助于管理堤防的实体。
