Cullin Nyssa, Azevedo Antunes Camila, Straussman Ravid, Stein-Thoeringer Christoph K, Elinav Eran
Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
Cancer Cell. 2021 Oct 11;39(10):1317-1341. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.08.006. Epub 2021 Sep 9.
The human microbiome constitutes a complex multikingdom community that symbiotically interacts with the host across multiple body sites. Host-microbiome interactions impact multiple physiological processes and a variety of multifactorial disease conditions. In the past decade, microbiome communities have been suggested to influence the development, progression, metastasis formation, and treatment response of multiple cancer types. While causal evidence of microbial impacts on cancer biology is only beginning to be unraveled, enhanced molecular understanding of such cancer-modulating interactions and impacts on cancer treatment are considered of major scientific importance and clinical relevance. In this review, we describe the molecular pathogenic mechanisms shared throughout microbial niches that contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. We highlight advances, limitations, challenges, and prospects in understanding how the microbiome may causally impact cancer and its treatment responsiveness, and how microorganisms or their secreted bioactive metabolites may be potentially harnessed and targeted as precision cancer therapeutics.
人类微生物群构成了一个复杂的多界群落，它在多个身体部位与宿主进行共生互动。宿主-微生物群的相互作用影响多种生理过程和各种多因素疾病状况。在过去十年中，有人提出微生物群群落会影响多种癌症类型的发生、发展、转移形成和治疗反应。虽然微生物对癌症生物学影响的因果证据才刚刚开始被揭示，但对这种癌症调节相互作用及其对癌症治疗影响的分子理解的增强被认为具有重大的科学重要性和临床相关性。在这篇综述中，我们描述了在整个微生物生态位中共同存在的、导致癌症发生和发展的分子致病机制。我们强调了在理解微生物群如何因果性地影响癌症及其治疗反应性，以及微生物或其分泌的生物活性代谢产物如何可能被潜在地用作精准癌症治疗手段方面的进展、局限性、挑战和前景。
