Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Robertson Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Heart Fail Clin. 2021 Oct;17(4):575-586. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2021.05.003. Epub 2021 Jul 22.
Heart failure (HF) is characterized by frequent hospital admissions due to acute decompensation and shortened life span with a progressive clinical course leading to an advanced stage where traditional therapies become ineffective. Due to aging of the population and improved therapies, only a small of proportion of patients with advanced HF are candidates for surgical treatments, such as mechanical circulatory support or heart transplantation. In most cases, prompt identification and management of congestion is paramount to improving symptoms and quality of life and avoiding progression to severe multiorgan dysfunction and death.
心力衰竭（HF）的特征是由于急性失代偿而频繁住院，并且随着病情的进展，患者的预期寿命缩短，最终进入晚期，此时传统治疗方法已无效。由于人口老龄化和治疗方法的改进，只有少数晚期 HF 患者适合接受手术治疗，如机械循环支持或心脏移植。在大多数情况下，及时识别和处理充血至关重要，这可以改善症状和生活质量，避免进展为严重多器官功能障碍和死亡。
