Guan Xin, Lo T Wing
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Front Psychol. 2021 Aug 25;12:727142. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727142. eCollection 2021.
Deterrence by punishment aims to prevent a crime; however, it is not always successful. Restrictive deterrence explains the continuous criminal activities that occur despite deterrence; offenders enact various strategies to avoid detection, which is more typical among drug offenders given that they have a high frequency of offending and exposure to punishment. This systematic review provides an in-depth understanding of restrictive deterrence of drug offenders. Two prominent themes, "restrictive deterrence strategy" and "deterrability and restrictive deterrence," depict drug offenders' restrictive deterrence and effectively fit within the certainty-severity framework of punishment. Future studies should investigate restrictive deterrence strategies in the after-arrest context, the facilitative effect of perception of risk on strategy development, and facilitators or inhibitors affecting the diffusion of restrictive deterrence strategies.
惩罚性威慑旨在预防犯罪；然而，它并非总是成功的。限制性威慑解释了尽管存在威慑但仍持续发生的犯罪活动；犯罪者会采取各种策略来避免被发现，鉴于毒品犯罪者犯罪频率高且面临惩罚，这种情况在他们当中更为典型。本系统综述深入探讨了毒品犯罪者的限制性威慑。两个突出主题，即“限制性威慑策略”和“可威慑性与限制性威慑”，描述了毒品犯罪者的限制性威慑，并有效地契合了惩罚的确定性-严厉性框架。未来的研究应调查逮捕后背景下的限制性威慑策略、风险感知对策略制定的促进作用，以及影响限制性威慑策略传播的促进因素或抑制因素。
