Kempster Peter A, Perju-Dumbrava Laura
Neurosciences Department, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Front Neurol. 2021 Aug 26;12:685314. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.685314. eCollection 2021.
Several lines of evidence point to a pervasive disturbance of energy balance in Parkinson's disease (PD). Weight loss, common and multifactorial, is the most observable sign of this. Bradykinesia may be best understood as an underinvestment of energy in voluntary movement. This accords with rodent experiments that emphasise the importance of dopamine in allocating motor energy expenditure. Oxygen consumption studies in PD suggest that, when activities are standardised for work performed, these inappropriate energy thrift settings are actually wasteful. That the dopaminergic deficit of PD creates a problem with energy efficiency highlights the role played by the basal ganglia, and by dopamine, in thermodynamic governance. This involves more than balancing energy, since living things maintain their internal order by controlling transformations of energy, resisting probabilistic trends to more random states. This review will also look at recent research in PD on the analysis of entropy-an information theory metric of predictability in a message-in recordings from the basal ganglia. Close relationships between energy and information converge around the concept of entropy. This is especially relevant to the motor system, which regulates energy exchange with the outside world through its flow of information. The malignant syndrome in PD, a counterpart of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, demonstrates how much thermodynamic disruption can result from breakdown of motor signalling in an extreme hypodopaminergic state. The macroenergetic disturbances of PD are consistent with a unifying hypothesis of dopamine's neurotransmitter actions-to adapt energy expenditure to prevailing economic circumstances.
多项证据表明帕金森病（PD）存在普遍的能量平衡紊乱。体重减轻很常见且具有多因素性，是最明显的迹象。运动迟缓最好理解为自愿运动中能量投入不足。这与啮齿动物实验一致，该实验强调多巴胺在分配运动能量消耗方面的重要性。PD的氧消耗研究表明，当活动根据所做的功进行标准化时，这些不适当的节能设置实际上是浪费的。PD的多巴胺能缺陷导致能量效率问题，这凸显了基底神经节以及多巴胺在热力学调节中的作用。这不仅仅涉及能量平衡，因为生物通过控制能量转换、抵抗向更随机状态的概率趋势来维持其内部秩序。本综述还将探讨PD近期关于熵分析的研究——熵是信息论中衡量消息可预测性的指标——在基底神经节记录中的应用。能量与信息之间的密切关系围绕熵的概念汇聚。这与运动系统尤为相关，运动系统通过其信息流调节与外界的能量交换。PD中的恶性综合征，是抗精神病药物所致恶性综合征的对应物，它表明在极端多巴胺能低下状态下运动信号传导中断会导致多大程度的热力学破坏。PD的宏观能量紊乱与多巴胺神经递质作用的统一假说一致——即根据当前经济状况调整能量消耗。
