Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy.
Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2021 Dec;24(12):806-814. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2021.0042. Epub 2021 Sep 9.
This study aims to investigate the relationship between empathy, social self-efficacy, problematic Internet use (PIU), and problematic online gaming (POG) and to evaluate how such relationship varies according to the age of the participants. A sample of 1,585 Italian students, both genders, aged 12-20 years, were divided into three groups according to the age filled in these self-report questionnaires: PIU; Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents; Interpersonal Reactivity Index; Scale of Social Self-Efficacy; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The results allow to confirm that in the Italian context the relationships between the examined constructs change across the three age groups considered in the study. PIU and POG, as well as prosocial behaviors and personal distress, tend to significantly decrease in late adolescence (age 18-20 years); 15-17 years adolescents reported more empathic concern compared with the other groups. PIU and POG are affected by empathy and social-self efficacy in different ways depending on age, suggesting that the two conditions have an at least partially different nature. The different components of empathy seem to play a different role in the development of either PIU or POG confirming the need to separate the components of empathy.
本研究旨在探讨同理心、社会自我效能感、网络问题使用（PIU）和网络游戏问题（POG）之间的关系，并评估这种关系如何根据参与者的年龄而变化。该研究的样本包括 1585 名意大利学生，他们的性别为 12-20 岁，根据他们在这些自我报告问卷中填写的年龄分为三组：PIU；青少年游戏成瘾量表；人际反应性指数；社会自我效能感量表；长处和困难问卷。结果证实，在所研究的三个年龄组中，意大利背景下，所考察的结构之间的关系发生了变化。PIU 和 POG 以及亲社会行为和个人困扰在青春期后期（18-20 岁）显著下降；与其他组相比，15-17 岁的青少年表现出更多的同理心关怀。PIU 和 POG 受同理心和社会自我效能感的影响因年龄而异，这表明这两种情况至少在一定程度上具有不同的性质。同理心的不同成分在 PIU 或 POG 的发展中似乎起着不同的作用，这证实了需要将同理心的成分分开。
