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以色列媒体中的生物医学化、污名化与艾滋病毒/艾滋病的“重新同性恋化”

Biomedicalization, Stigma, and "Re-Gaying" HIV/AIDS in the Israeli Media.

作者信息

Soffer Michal

机构信息

School of Social Work, Faculty of Sociassl Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, 349883, Haifa, Israel.

出版信息

Arch Sex Behav. 2021 Oct;50(7):2813-2823. doi: 10.1007/s10508-021-02061-1. Epub 2021 Sep 14.

Abstract

HIV and AIDS are not merely biomedical conditions-they are socially constructed phenomena. Media coverage plays a prominent role in the public's understanding of HIV/AIDS. "Biomediatization" denotes the coproduction of HIV/AIDS by biomedicine and mass media. Nevertheless, despite the importance of the media in the social construction of HIV/AIDS, research on HIV/AIDS coverage in the Israeli media is negligible. This study examined the social construction of HIV/AIDS in Israel. The sample includes all items (88 texts and videos) published in three of the top news websites in a 1-year period that mentioned HIV or AIDS. Thematic analysis was employed. Three themes were identified. "The biomedicalization of HIV/AIDS" depicted HIV/AIDS as a one-faceted, biological phenomenon that concerns the body of the individual and is a public health issue. The second theme, "HIV/AIDS and stigma," consisted of subthemes: "acknowledging stigma" and "constructing stigma." In the former, the stigma ascribed to HIV/AIDS was acknowledged and discussed. The latter revealed various mechanisms employed by the media to construct and perpetuate HIV/AIDS stigma. The third theme we identified, "re-gaying HIV/AIDS," concerned the various venues through which HIV/AIDS is associated with gay men. The findings show that HIV/AIDS was depicted as a biomedical condition that concerns the individual. The implications of our study include a need to change the rhetoric of HIV/AIDS in the Israeli media such that it will address the complex issues of power and inequality that HIV/AIDS entails.

摘要

艾滋病毒和艾滋病不仅仅是生物医学状况——它们是社会建构的现象。媒体报道在公众对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的理解中起着重要作用。“生物媒介化”指的是生物医学和大众媒体对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的共同塑造。然而,尽管媒体在艾滋病毒/艾滋病的社会建构中很重要,但以色列媒体对艾滋病毒/艾滋病报道的研究却少之又少。本研究考察了以色列对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的社会建构。样本包括在一年时间内,三大顶级新闻网站上发布的所有提及艾滋病毒或艾滋病的内容(88篇文本和视频)。采用了主题分析法。确定了三个主题。“艾滋病毒/艾滋病的生物医学化”将艾滋病毒/艾滋病描绘成一种单一层面的生物现象,关乎个人身体,是一个公共卫生问题。第二个主题“艾滋病毒/艾滋病与污名”由子主题组成:“承认污名”和“建构污名”。在前者中,承认并讨论了赋予艾滋病毒/艾滋病的污名。后者揭示了媒体用来建构和延续艾滋病毒/艾滋病污名的各种机制。我们确定的第三个主题“艾滋病毒/艾滋病与同性恋关联”,涉及艾滋病毒/艾滋病与男同性恋者产生关联的各种途径。研究结果表明,艾滋病毒/艾滋病被描绘成一种关乎个人的生物医学状况。我们研究的意义包括需要改变以色列媒体对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的表述方式,以便其能解决艾滋病毒/艾滋病所涉及的权力和不平等的复杂问题。

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